1991 SEA Games

The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, were a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines, from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.^[1][2]

16th Southeast Asian Games

Host city	Manila, Philippines
Motto	"Nine Nations, Under an Asian Sun"
Nations	9
Events	28 sports
Opening	24 November 1991
Closing	5 December 1991
Opened by	Corazon Aquino President of the Philippines
Torch lighter	Carlos Loyzaga Lydia de Vega Gerard Cantada
Ceremony venue	Rizal Memorial Stadium
← Kuala Lumpur 1989 Singapore 1993 →

Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.^[3]

Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.

The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.^[4]

The games

Participating nations

•  Brunei
•  Indonesia
•  Laos
•  Malaysia
•  Myanmar
•  Philippines (Host)
•  Singapore
•  Thailand
•  Vietnam

Sports

•  Aquatics (details)
•  Archery (details)
•  Athletics (details)
•  Badminton (details)
•  Basketball (details)
•  Billiards and snooker (details)
•  Bodybuilding (details)
•  Bowling (details)
•  Boxing (details)
•  Cycling (details)
•  Fencing (details)
•  Football (details)
•  Golf (details)
•  Gymnastics (details)
•  Judo (details)
•  Karate (details)
•  Rowing (details)
•  Sailing (details)
•  Sepak takraw (details)
•  Shooting (details)
•  Softball (details)
•  Squash (details)
•  Table tennis (details)
•  Taekwondo (details)
•  Tennis (details)
•  Volleyball (details)
•  Weightlifting (details)
•  Wushu (details)

Medal table

^[5]

Key

  *   Host nation (Philippines)

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Indonesia (INA)	92	87	67	246
2	Philippines (PHI)*	91	62	86	239
3	Thailand (THA)	72	80	69	221
4	Malaysia (MAS)	36	38	66	140
5	Singapore (SIN)	18	32	45	95
6	Myanmar (MYA)	12	16	29	57
7	Vietnam (VIE)	7	12	10	29
8	Brunei (BRU)	0	0	8	8
9	Laos (LAO)	0	0	0	0
Totals (9 entries)		328	327	380	1,035

Concerns and controversies

1991 Southeast Asian Games

Reduction of gold medals

The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.^{[citation needed]}

Main official host television broadcasting

Country	Official broadcasters	Television broadcast
Brunei	Radio Television Brunei	RTB 5 RTB 8
Indonesia	Televisi Republik Indonesia	TVRI
Malaysia	Radio Televisyen Malaysia	RTM TV1
Philippines	ABS-CBN People's Television Network Radio Philippines Network Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation	ABS-CBN 2 PTV 4 New Vision 9 Islands TV 13
Singapore	Singapore Broadcasting Corporation	SBC 12
Thailand	Television Pool of Thailand
Vietnam	Vietnam Television	VTV1

See also

• 2005 SEA Games
• 2019 SEA Games