1993 Norwegian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 12 and 13 September 1993.^[1] It was the first European election where the two largest parties fielded a female leadership candidate, and the first election in history where all the largest three parties fielded female leadership candidates. The Labour Party remained the largest party in the Storting, winning 67 of the 165 seats.

1993 Norwegian parliamentary election

← 1989 12 and 13 September 1993 1997 →
All 165 seats in the Storting 83 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Candidate Gro Harlem Brundtland Anne Enger Lahnstein Kaci Kullmann Five Party Labour Centre Conservative Last election 34.27%, 63 seats 6.47%, 11 seats 22.23%, 37 seats Seats won 67 32 28 Seat change 4 21 9 Popular vote 908,724 412,187 419,373 Percentage 36.91% 16.74% 17.03% Swing 2.64 pp 10.27 pp 5.19 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Erik Solheim Kjell Magne Bondevik Carl I. Hagen Party Socialist Left Christian Democratic Progress Last election 10.08%, 17 seats 8.49%, 14 seats 13.04%, 22 seats Seats won 13 13 10 Seat change 4 1 12 Popular vote 194,633 193,885 154,497 Percentage 7.91% 7.88% 6.28% Swing 2.17 pp 0.61 pp 6.76 pp   Seventh party Eighth party   Leader Odd Einar Dørum Aksel Nærstad Party Liberal Red Last election 3.20%, 0 seats 0.84%, 0 seats[a] Seats won 1 1 Seat change 1 1 Popular vote 88,985 26,360 Percentage 3.61% 1.07% Swing 0.41 pp 0.23 pp
Largest bloc and seats won by constituency
Prime Minister before election Gro Harlem Brundtland Labour Prime Minister after election Gro Harlem Brundtland Labour

Voter turnout was 76% , the lowest in a national election since the 1927 elections.^[2] The prospect of European Union membership was a key issue in the election campaign.^[2]

Contesting parties

See also: List of political parties in Norway

Name			Ideology	Position	Leader	1989 result
						Votes (%)	Seats
	Ap	Labour Party Arbeiderpartiet	Social democracy Pro-Europeanism	Centre-left	Gro Harlem Brundtland	34.2%	63 / 165
	H	Conservative Party Høyre	Conservatism Pro-Europeanism	Centre-right	Kaci Kullmann Five	22.2%	37 / 165
	FrP	Progress Party Fremskrittspartiet	Classical liberalism Pro-Europeanism	Right-wing	Carl I. Hagen	13.0%	22 / 165
	SV	Socialist Left Party Sosialistisk Venstreparti	Democratic socialism Hard-Euroscepticism	Left-wing	Erik Solheim	10.0%	17 / 165
	KrF	Christian Democratic Party Kristelig Folkeparti	Christian democracy Euroscepticism	Centre to centre-right	Kjell Magne Bondevik	8.4%	14 / 165
	Sp	Centre Party Senterpartiet	Agrarianism Hard-Euroscepticism	Centre	Anne Enger Lahnstein	6.4%	11 / 165
	V	Liberal Party Venstre	Social liberalism Euroscepticism	Centre	Odd Einar Dørum	3.2%	0 / 165
	F	Future for Finnmark Folkeaksjonen Framtid for Finnmark	Social democracy		Anders John Aune	0.3%	1 / 165

Campaign

Slogans

Party		Original slogan	English translation
	Labour Party	«Partiet til venstre der hjerte banker»	«The party to the left where the heart beats»
	Conservative Party	«Vi vil føre en solidarisk politikk for å skape arbeidsplasser, et miljø og leve i og rettferdig fordeling»	«We will drive a solidaric policy to create jobs, an environment to live in and fair distribution»
	Progress Party	«Fremtiden skapes, den vedtas ikke»	«The future is created, it’s not passed (as in a law passed)»
	Socialist Left Party	«Verdiskaping, valgfrihet og internasjonalt samarbeid»	«Creation of values, freedom of choice and international cooperation»
	Christian Democratic Party	«Gjenreis respekten for livets ukrenkelighet i alle livets faser»	« restore respect for the inviolability of life in all phases of life»
	Centre Party	«Nei til EF, forsvar grunnloven»	«No to EC (European Community, later European Union), defend the constitution»
	Liberal party	«Tillit til dem som skaper jobbene»	«Trust to those who create the jobs»
Sources: [3][4]

Debates

1993 Norwegian general election debates
Date	Time	Organizers	P  Present    I  Invitee  N  Non-invitee
			Ap	H	Frp	Sv	KrF	Sp	V	R	Refs
10 Sep	00:00	NRK	P Thorbjørn Jagland, Gro Harlem Brundtland	P Kaci Kullmann Five	P Carl I. Hagen	P Erik Solheim	P Kjell Magne Bondevik	P Anne Enger Lahnstein	P Odd Einar Dørum	P Aksel Nærstad	[5]

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Labour Party	908,724	36.91	67	+4
	Conservative Party	419,373	17.03	28	–9
	Centre Party	412,187	16.74	32	+21
	Socialist Left Party	194,633	7.91	13	–4
	Christian Democratic Party	193,885	7.88	13	–1
	Progress Party	154,497	6.28	10	–12
	Liberal Party	88,985	3.61	1	+1
	Red Electoral Alliance	26,360	1.07	1	+1
	Pensioners' Party	25,835	1.05	0	0
	Fatherland Party	11,694	0.47	0	New
	New Future Coalition Party	8,777	0.36	0	New
	Environment Party The Greens	3,054	0.12	0	0
	Christian Conservative Party	1,974	0.08	0	New
	Stop the Immigration	1,952	0.08	0	New
	Natural Law Party	1,853	0.08	0	New
	Freedom Party against the EF Union	774	0.03	0	New
	Liberal People's Party	725	0.03	0	New
	Common Future	548	0.02	0	New
	Communist Party	361	0.01	0	0
	Society Party	95	0.00	0	New
	Common List against Foreign Immigration	5,663	0.23	0	New
	Christian Unity Party			0	New
	Political Alternative Hordaland			0	New
	Pensioners' Party–Common Future			0	–
Total		2,461,949	100.00	165	0
Valid votes		2,461,949	99.57
Invalid/blank votes		10,602	0.43
Total votes		2,472,551	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		3,259,957	75.85
Source: Nohlen & Stöver, European Elections Database

Voter demographics

Cohort	Percentage of cohort voting for
	Ap	H	Sp	Sv	KrF	FrP	V	Others
Total vote	36.91%	17.03%	16.74%	7.91%	7.88%	6.28%	3.61%
Gender
Females	37.3%	14.4%	17.1%	9.5%	9.3%	4.4%	4.3%
Males	36.6%	19.4%	16.5%	6.5%	6.6%	7.9%	2.9%
Age
18–30 years old	32.5%	15.8%	17.7%	11.9%	4.7%	9.2%	3.4%
30-59 years old	38.1%	18.3%	16.1%	8.5%	6.4%	5.4%	4%
60 years old and older	38.5%	15.3%	17.2%	2.4%	14.5%	5.5%	2.9%
Work
Low income	35%	11.1%	21.6%	9.1%	9.7%	5.1%	2.7%
Average income	45.1%	11.9%	16.9%	7.1%	8.8%	4.8%	2.9%
High income	33.8%	27.5%	11.3%	7.9%	5.5%	6.7%	4.8%
Education
Primary school	47.8%	7.4%	20.8%	4.4%	7.4%	5.7%	2.5%
High school	36.6%	14.9%	19.1%	8.5%	7.3%	7.4%	3%
University/college	29.6%	28.1%	9.4%	9.7%	9.2%	4.7%	5.5%
Source: Norwegian Institute for Social Research[6]

Seat distribution

Constituency	Total seats	Seats won
		Ap	Sp	H	SV	KrF	Frp	V	RV
Akershus	14	5	1	4	1	1	2
Aust-Agder	4	2	1	1
Buskerud	8	4	1	2			1
Finnmark	4	2	1		1
Hedmark	8	4	2	1	1
Hordaland	15	5	3	2	1	2	1	1
Møre og Romsdal	10	4	3	1		2
Nord-Trøndelag	6	3	2		1
Nordland	12	5	3	1	2	1
Oppland	7	4	2	1
Oslo	17	6	1	5	2		2		1
Østfold	8	4	1	1		1	1
Rogaland	11	3	2	2	1	2	1
Sogn og Fjordane	5	2	2			1
Sør-Trøndelag	10	4	2	2	1	1
Telemark	8	3	1	1	1	1	1
Troms	6	2	2	1	1
Vest-Agder	5	2	1	1		1
Vestfold	7	3	1	2			1
Total	165	67	32	28	13	13	10	1	1
Source: Norges Offisielle Statistikk

Notes

1. As part of County Lists for Environment and Solidarity