1998 Australian federal election

The 1998 Australian federal election was held to determine the members of the 39th Parliament of Australia. It was held on 3 October 1998. All 148 seats of the House of Representatives and 40 seats of the 76 seat Senate were up for election. The incumbent centre-right Liberal/National Coalition government led by Prime Minister John Howard of the Liberal Party and coalition partner Tim Fischer of the National Party defeated the centre-left Australian Labor Party opposition led by Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, despite losing the nationwide popular and two-party preferred vote. However, the Australian Labor Party gained seats compared to the previous election.

1998 Australian federal election

← 1996 3 October 1998 (1998-10-03)[a] 2001 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 148 seats in the House of Representatives 75 seats were needed for a majority in the House 40 (of the 76) seats in the Senate
Registered	12,154,050 3.52%
Turnout	11,545,201 (94.99%) (0.78 pp)
First party Second party   Leader John Howard Kim Beazley Party Liberal/National coalition Labor Leader since 30 January 1995 (1995-01-30) 19 March 1996 (1996-03-19) Leader's seat Bennelong (NSW) Brand (WA) Last election 94 seats 49 seats Seats before 94 49 Seats won 80 67 Seat change 14 18 First preference vote 4,388,809 4,454,306 Percentage 39.51% 40.10% Swing 7.73% 1.34% TPP 49.02% 50.98% TPP swing 4.61 4.61
Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party's margin of victory.
Prime Minister before election John Howard Liberal/National coalition Subsequent Prime Minister John Howard Liberal/National coalition

Entering parliament at this election were future Prime Ministers Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard, future Liberal deputy leader and future Minister of Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop, future Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Swan and future Speaker Anna Burke.

Background

The election returned the Member of the House of Representatives for its 1998–2001 term and half of Australia's senators, who then served in the 1999–2002 Senate.

Despite winning almost 51 percent of the two-party-preferred vote and regaining much of what it had lost in its severe defeat of two years earlier, Labor fell short of forming government. The government was re-elected with 49.02% of the two-party-preferred vote, compared to 50.98% for the Australian Labor Party, the largest difference of six election results where the winner did not gain a two-party preferred majority, since 2PP results first estimated from 1937.

The Gallagher Index result was 11.33.

The election on 3 October 1998 was held six months earlier than required by the Constitution. Prime Minister John Howard made the announcement following the launch of the coalition's Goods and Services Tax (GST) policy launch and a five-week advertising campaign. The ensuing election was almost entirely dominated by the proposed 10% GST and proposed income tax cuts. This election was not the first to be centred on a GST the 1993 election saw the Keating Labor government re-elected after a proposal by then Opposition leader John Hewson to introduce a 15% GST.^[1]

In reaction to One Nation's policies, the other significant parties all agreed to preference against One Nation. One Nation lost its lone house seat when founder and leader Pauline Hanson lost on preferences to Liberal candidate Cameron Thompson in the Queensland electorate of Blair. In Queensland, One Nation polled 14.83% of the Senate vote, sufficient to elect one senator without the need for preferences.^[2] The seat initially went to Heather Hill, but she was subsequently disqualified under Section 44 of the Constitution, and replaced by Len Harris.

The election-eve Newspoll reported Labor on a 53 percent two-party-preferred vote.^[3]

On election night of 3 October, the exit poll showed Labor on a 53 percent two-party-preferred vote. Labor made the single biggest gain by an Opposition party following an election defeat; the Coalition's majority was cut from 40 to 12. It was only when the first returns trickled in from Western Australia that the Coalition was assured of another term. The swing across all states would have normally been sufficient for a change of government, but the uneven nature of the swing left Kim Beazley eight seats short of becoming prime minister. The uneven nature of the swing saw Labor getting huge swings in seats that they held prior to the election but not enough in seats needed to gain government.^[4]

The election for the division of Newcastle was deferred as the Democrats candidate died on 1 October, two days before the federal election. A supplementary election was held on 21 November, with Labor winning and holding the seat.^[5][6]

Results

House of Representatives results

Government (80)
Coalition
  Liberal (64)
  National (16)

Opposition (67)
  Labor (67)

Crossbench (1)
  Independent (1)

House of Reps (IRV) – 1998–2001 – Turnout 94.99% (CV) — Informal 3.78%^[7]

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	Labor		4,454,306	40.10	+1.34	67	18
		Liberal	3,764,707	33.89	−4.80	64	11
		National	588,088	5.29	−2.91	16	3
		Country Liberal	36,014	0.32	−0.03	0	1
	Liberal/National Coalition		4,388,809	39.51	-7.74	80	14
	One Nation		936,621	8.43	*
	Democrats		569,875	5.13	−1.63
	Greens [b]		290,709	2.62	−0.30
	Independents [c]		195,180	1.76	−0.51	1	4
	Others		273,503	2.46
Total			11,109,063			148
Two-party-preferred vote
	Liberal/National coalition		5,413,431	49.02	−4.61	80	14
	Labor		5,630,409	50.98	+4.61	67	18
Invalid/blank votes			436,138	3.78
Turnout			11,545,201	95.0
Registered voters			12,154,050
Source: Federal Elections 1998

This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1998 Australian federal election (House of Representatives) § Australia.[edit]

Popular vote Labor   40.10% Liberal   33.89% One Nation   8.43% National   5.29% Democrats   5.13% Greens   2.14% CLP   0.32% Independents   1.76% Other   2.94%

Two-party-preferred vote Labor   50.98% Coalition   49.02%

Parliament seats Coalition   54.05% Labor   45.27% Independents   0.68%

Senate results

Government (35)
Coalition
  Liberal (31)
  National (3)
  CLP (1)

Opposition (29)
  Labor (29)

Crossbench (12)
  Democrats (9)
  Greens (1)
  One Nation (1)
  Independent (1)

Senate (STV GV) — 1999–2002—Turnout 95.34% (CV) — Informal 3.24%

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats won	Seats	Change
	Labor		4,182,963	37.31	+1.16	17	29
		Liberal/National (Joint Ticket)	2,452,407	21.87	−2.62	5
		Liberal	1,528,730	13.63	−2.61	11	31
		National	208,536	1.86	−1.01	0	3	2
		Country Liberal	36,063	0.32	−0.05	1	1
	Liberal–National coalition		4,225,673	37.70	−6.27	17	35	2
	One Nation		1,007,439	8.99	*	1	1	1
	Democrats		947,940	8.45	−2.37	4	9	2
	Greens		305,058	2.72	−0.45	0	1	1
	Harradine Group		24,254	0.22	−0.08	1	1
	Others		507,221	4.5
Total			11,211,903			40	76
Invalid/blank votes			375,181	3.2
Turnout			11,584,909	95.3
Registered voters			12,154,050
Source: AEC Election 2001

This section is an excerpt from 1998 Australian Senate election § Australia.[edit]

House of Representatives preference flows

• The Nationals had candidates in 13 seats where three-cornered-contests existed, with 88.89% of preferences favouring the Liberal Party.
• One Nation contested 135 electorates with preferences slightly favouring the Liberal/National Coalition (53.66%)
• The Democrats contested 144 electorates with preferences slightly favouring Labor (56.72%)
• The Greens contested 120 electorates with preferences strongly favouring Labor (73.28%)

Seats changing hands

See also: Post-election pendulum for the 1998 Australian federal election

Seat	Pre-1998				Swing	Post-1998
	Party		Member	Margin		Margin	Member	Party
Bass, Tas		Liberal	Warwick Smith	4.57	4.63	0.06	Michelle O'Byrne	Labor
Bendigo, Vic		Liberal	Bruce Reid	0.88	4.35	3.47	Steve Gibbons	Labor
Bowman, Qld		Liberal	Andrea West	0.89	4.18	3.29	Con Sciacca	Labor
Braddon, Tas		Liberal	Chris Miles	5.69	10.02	4.33	Sid Sidebottom	Labor
Canning, WA		Liberal	Ricky Johnston	1.64	5.16	3.52	Jane Gerick	Labor
Capricornia, Qld		National	Paul Marek	3.46	8.75	5.29	Kirsten Livermore	Labor
Chisholm, Vic		Liberal	Michael Wooldridge	2.60	4.67	2.07	Anna Burke	Labor
Cowan, WA		Liberal	Richard Evans	4.06	7.62	3.56	Graham Edwards	Labor
Curtin, WA		Independent	Allan Rocher	7.28	N/A [d]	13.28	Julie Bishop	Liberal
Dickson, Qld		Liberal	Tony Smith [e]	3.90	4.02	0.12	Cheryl Kernot	Labor
Griffith, Qld		Liberal	Graeme McDougall	1.50	3.93	2.43	Kevin Rudd	Labor
Hume, NSW		National	John Sharp	4.35	3.71	8.06	Alby Schultz	Liberal
Kalgoorlie, WA		Independent	Graeme Campbell	10.35	N/A [d]	2.10	Barry Haase	Liberal
Kingston, SA		Liberal	Susan Jeanes	2.01	2.48	0.47	David Cox	Labor
Lilley, Qld		Liberal	Elizabeth Grace	0.80	3.93	3.13	Wayne Swan	Labor
Lowe, NSW		Liberal	Paul Zammit [f]	2.46	7.09	4.63	John Murphy	Labor
McMillan, Vic		Liberal	Russell Broadbent	2.07	2.64	0.57	Christian Zahra	Labor
Moore, WA		Independent	Paul Filing	13.28	N/A [d]	4.13	Mal Washer	Liberal
Northern Territory, NT		Country Liberal	Nick Dondas	0.37	0.94	0.57	Warren Snowdon	Labor
Paterson, NSW		Liberal	Bob Baldwin	0.43	1.65	1.22	Bob Horne	Labor
Stirling, WA		Liberal	Eoin Cameron	3.22	4.26	1.04	Jann McFarlane	Labor
Swan, WA		Liberal	Don Randall	3.63	6.33	2.70	Kim Wilkie	Labor

• The Labor Party retained the seat of Oxley (Qld) which was became Labor-held in the redistribution.

See also

• Candidates of the 1998 Australian federal election
• Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1998–2001
• Members of the Australian Senate, 1999–2002

Notes

1. The election in the seat of Newcastle was deferred to 21 November 1998.
2. Australian Greens includes Greens Western Australia.
3. Pauline Hanson has been counted as an independent for the 1996 election. She had been disendorsed as the Liberal candidate and ran as an independent, but she remained a Liberal on the ballot paper.
4. Allan Rocher, Graeme Campbell and Paul Filing were not in the final two candidates for their seats; the second figures are against Labor.
5. Tony Smith contested his seat as an independent. The figures shown are against Labor.
6. Paul Zammit contested his seat as an independent. The figures shown are against Liberal.