2-Nitropropane

2-Nitropropane (2-NP) is an organic compound with the formula (CH₃)₂CH(NO₂). It is used as a solvent.^[4] It is a colorless liquid and is classified as a nitro compound.

2-Nitropropane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name 2-Nitropropane
Identifiers
CAS Number	79-46-9 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Abbreviations	2-NP
ChEBI	CHEBI:16037
ChemSpider	387
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.100
EC Number	201-209-1
PubChem CID	398
UNII	GKV234L2QH Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6020981
InChI InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-3(2)4(5)6/h3H,1-2H3 Key: FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C3H7NO2/c1-3(2)4(5)6/h3H,1-2H3 Key: FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYAM
SMILES CC(C)[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula	C3H7NO2
Molar mass	89.094 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid[1]
Odor	Pleasant, fruity[2]
Density	0.9821 g/cm3
Melting point	−91.3 °C (−132.3 °F; 181.8 K)
Boiling point	120.2 °C (248.4 °F; 393.3 K)
Solubility in water	17 g/L[1]
Solubility	soluble in chloroform
log P	0.93
Vapor pressure	13 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Acidity (pKa)	16.9 (in DMSO)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−45.73·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3944 (20 °C)
Viscosity	0.721 cP
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Health hazard
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Hazard statements	H350
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 3 2
Flash point	24 °C (75 °F; 297 K) (open cup) 39 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature	428 °C (802 °F; 701 K)
Explosive limits	2.6–11.0%[2]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	720 mg/kg
LC50 (median concentration)	2703 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) 400 ppm (rat, 6 hr)[3]
LCLo (lowest published)	714 ppm (cat, 5 hr) 2381 ppm (rabbit, 5 hr) 4622 ppm (guinea pig, 5 hr) 2353 ppm (cat, 1 hr)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3)[2]
REL (Recommended)	Ca[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [100 ppm][2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Preparation

2-Nitropropane is produced by the high-temperature vapor-phase nitration of propane, usually with impurities of 1-nitropropane. 2-Nitropropane is also produced as a volatile by-product that can be captured during Leonard's ring-closure hydantoin preparation.^[5]

Uses

2-Nitropropane is used as a solvent or additive in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, resins, fuel, and coatings.^[6] It is also used as a feedstock for other industrial chemicals,^[6] and also in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals such as phentermine, chlorphentermine, and teclozan. It serves as an oxidant in the Hass–Bender oxidation process.

Safety

2-Nitropropane is a constituent of tobacco smoke.^[7] Based on studies in animals, it is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen^[6] and it is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen.^[8]