2023 Luxembourg general election

General elections were held in Luxembourg on 8 October 2023 to elect all 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies.^[1][2][3]

2023 Luxembourg general election

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All 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 31 seats needed for a majority
Registered	286,739
Turnout	87.18% ( 2.5 pp)
First party Second party Third party   Candidate Luc Frieden Paulette Lenert Xavier Bettel Party CSV LSAP DP Leader's seat Centre Est Centre Last election 28.3%, 21 seats 17.6%, 10 seats 16.9%, 12 seats Seats before 21 10 12 Seats won 21 11 14 Seat change 0 1 2 Popular vote 1,099,427[a] 711,890[a] 703,833[a] Percentage 29.2% 18.9% 18.7% Swing 0.9 pp 1.3 pp 1.8 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Candidate Fred Keup Sam Tanson Sven Clement Party ADR Gréng Pirates Leader's seat Sud Centre Centre Last election 8.3%, 4 seats 15.1%, 9 seats 6.5%, 2 seats Seats before 3[b] 9 2 Seats won 5 4 2 Seat change 1 5 0 Popular vote 348,990[a] 321,895[a] 253,554[a] Percentage 9.3% 8.6% 6.7% Swing 1.0 pp 6.5 pp 0.2 pp   Seventh party Eighth party   Candidate David Wagner Roy Reding Party Lénk Liberté - Fräiheet! [lb] Leader's seat Centre Centre Last election 5.5%, 2 seats Did not exist Seats before 2 1 Seats won 2 0 Seat change 2 New party Popular vote 147,839[a] 42,643[a] Percentage 3.9% 1.1% Swing 1.6% New party
Results of the election. The main map shows the leading party in each commune, and the map in the bottom right shows the leading party in each constituency.
Government before election Bettel II Government DP–LSAP–Gréng Government after election Frieden-Bettel Government CSV–DP

The incumbent Bettel II Government was a coalition of the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens.

Electoral system

The 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in four multi-member constituencies; nine in North constituency, seven in East, 23 in South and 21 in Centre. Voters can vote for a party list or cast multiple votes for as many candidates as there are seats. Seat allocation is calculated in accordance with the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota.^[4]

Only Luxembourgish citizens may vote in general elections. A proposal to extend voting rights to foreigners who have lived in Luxembourg for at least ten years and have previously voted in a European or local election in Luxembourg, was rejected in a 2015 referendum. Voting is mandatory for eligible Luxembourg citizens who live in Luxembourg and are under 75 years of age.^[5] Luxembourg citizens who live abroad may vote by post at the commune in which they most recently lived in Luxembourg.^[6] Luxembourg citizens who were born in Luxembourg but have never lived there may vote by post at the commune in which they were born.^[6] Luxembourg citizens who were not born in Luxembourg and have never lived there may vote by post at the commune of Luxembourg City.^[6]

Contesting parties

List No.	Name		Abbr.	Lead candidate	Ideology	Political position	Last election		Notes[7]
							%	Seats
1		Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei	LSAP	Paulette Lenert[8]	Social democracy	Centre-left	17.60	10 / 60
2		Democratic Party Demokratesch Partei	DP	Xavier Bettel	Liberalism	Centre to centre-right	16.91	12 / 60
3		The Greens Déi Gréng	DG	Sam Tanson	Green politics	Centre-left	15.12	9 / 60
4		Christian Social People's Party Chrëschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei	CSV	Luc Frieden[9]	Christian democracy	Centre to centre-right	28.31	21 / 60
5		The Left Déi Lénk	DL	David Wagner	Democratic socialism	Left-wing	5.48	2 / 60
6		Alternative Democratic Reform Party Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei	ADR	Fred Keup	National conservatism	Right-wing to far-right	8.28	4 / 60
7		Pirate Party Luxembourg Piratepartei Lëtzebuerg	PPLU	Sven Clement	Pirate politics		6.45	2 / 60
9[10]		Focus Fokus	FOK	Frank Engel[11]	Pragmatism	Centre	New
10		Volt Luxembourg Volt Lëtzebuerg	VOLT	None[12]	European federalism	Centre to centre-left	New		Only presenting lists in the South and East constituencies
11		Communist Party of Luxembourg Kommunistesch Partei vu Lëtzebuerg	KPL	Ali Ruckert	Communism	Far-left	1.27	0 / 60	Only presenting lists in the South, East and Centre constituencies
12		Liberté - Fräiheet! [lb] Liberté - Fräiheet!	LF	Roy Reding	Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	New
13		The Conservatives Déi Konservativ	DK	Joe Thein	Conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	0.27	0 / 60	Only presenting lists in the South and North constituencies

Opinion polls

Voting intention

Fieldwork date	Polling firm	CSV	LSAP	DP	DG	ADR	PPLU	DL	KPL	Dem.	DK	Volt	Fokus
8 Oct 2023	Election	29.22%	18.92%	18.70%	8.55%	9.27%	6.74%	3.93%	0.64%	–	0.23%	0.19%	2.49%
7–16 Aug 2023	ILRES	28.3%	19.8%	17.4%	10.7%	6.9%	9.9%	5%	0.4%	–	0.1%	0.3%	1.1%
11 Jun 2023	Municipal elections [13][14]	26.06%	21.30%	20.64%	12.69%	3.22%	3.98%	3.22%	0.40%	–	0.18%	–	0.84%
23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023	TNS	27.1%	17.9%	17.1%	12.8%	7.5%	10.0%	4.3%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	0.4%	2.0%
14−28 Nov 2022	TNS	23.3%	20.7%	18.4%	12.1%	7.7%	9.6%	5.8%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	0.1%	1.5%
24 May − 7 Jun 2022	TNS	23.0%	18.0%	18.1%	13.7%	7.6%	9.7%	5.6%	0.4%	0.3%	0.2%	0.5%	2.9%
11−19 Nov 2021	TNS	21.6%	20.2%	16.2%	12.4%	11.3%	11.1%	5.0%	0.8%	0.6%	0.5%	0.3%	–
9−21 Jun 2021	TNS	24.6%	17.8%	19.3%	13.4%	7.6%	8.0%	7.0%	1.0%	0.6%	0.2%	0.5%	–
10–24 Nov 2020	TNS	25.7%	19.8%	19.9%	11.5%	9.6%	5.9%	5.8%	0.9%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	–
4–24 Jun 2020	TNS	27.5%	16.4%	20.6%	13.4%	8.2%	4.8%	7.3%	1.1%	0.3%	0.2%	–	–
14–23 Nov 2019	TNS	30.1%	15.0%	16.6%	15.9%	10.4%	5.4%	5.5%	0.8%	0.1%	0.2%	–	–
14 Oct 2018	Election [15]	28.31%	17.60%	16.91%	15.12%	8.28%	6.45%	5.48%	1.27%	0.29%	0.27%	–	–

Seat projections

Map of Luxembourg's constituencies with number of seats

Fieldwork date	Polling firm	CSV	DP	LSAP	DG	ADR	PPLU	DL	Gov.
8 Oct 2023	Election	21	14	11	4	5	3	2	29
7–16 Aug 2023	ILRES	19	11	13	7	3	5	2	31
23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023	TNS	17	11	12	8	4	6	2	31
14−28 Nov 2022	TNS	15	12	13	8	4	6	2	33
24 May − 7 Jun 2022	TNS	16	12	12	8	4	6	2	32
11−19 Nov 2021	TNS	15	9	12	8	7	7	2	29
9−21 Jun 2021	TNS	17	13	11	8	4	4	3	32
10–24 Nov 2020	TNS	17	14	12	8	5	2	2	34
4–24 Jun 2020	TNS	19	15	10	8	4	1	3	33
14–23 Dec 2019	TNS	20	11	9	10	6	2	2	30
14 Oct 2018	Election [16]	21	12	10	9	4	2	2	31

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Christian Social People's Party	1,099,427	29.21	21	0
	Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party	711,890	18.91	11	+1
	Democratic Party	703,833	18.70	14	+2
	Alternative Democratic Reform Party	348,990	9.27	5	+1
	The Greens	321,895	8.55	4	–5
	Pirate Party Luxembourg	253,554	6.74	3	+1
	The Left	147,839	3.93	2	0
	Fokus	93,839	2.49	0	New
	Liberté - Fräiheet! [lb]	42,643	1.13	0	New
	Communist Party of Luxembourg	24,275	0.64	0	0
	The Conservatives	8,494	0.23	0	0
	Volt Luxembourg	7,001	0.19	0	New
Total		3,763,680	100.00	60	0
Valid votes		231,344	92.55
Invalid votes		10,735	4.29
Blank votes		7,889	3.16
Total votes		249,968	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		286,739	87.18
Source: Government of Luxembourg

Government formation

On 9 October 2023 Grand Duke Henri appointed Luc Frieden as government formateur with the intention that Frieden would become the next Prime Minister. The CSV leader began negotiations with outgoing Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and his DP. Bettel expressed his willingness to participate in government, though not as Prime Minister.^[17]

On 13 November Frieden announced a coalition agreement between the CSV and DP. Bettel led the DP's delegation to coalition negotiations, while the CSV delegation was led by party president Claude Wiseler.^[18] Frieden stated that he expected to take office by the end of the week following the announcement.^[19] The new cabinet was sworn in by the Grand Duke and Frieden assumed the office of Prime Minister on 17 November.^[20] The LSAP sat in opposition for the first time since the 1999 election.