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2024 Chadian parliamentary election

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2024 Chadian parliamentary election
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Parliamentary elections were held in Chad on 29 December 2024, alongside elections for regional and local offices.[1] The first parliamentary elections held since 2011, they were also first since the death of long-time ruler Idriss Déby in 2021,[2] and the accession to leadership of his son, Mahamat Déby, first as leader of a military junta then as president in his own right, laying the groundwork for a hereditary dictatorship.

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Background

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The previous parliamentary term began in June 2011 following the February 2011 parliamentary elections and was originally scheduled to end in June 2015 but was extended.[3] President Idriss Déby announced on 2 February 2017 that the elections would be delayed because the government did not have sufficient funds in the midst of an economic slump, saying "When we have resources, we can hold parliamentary elections". He also urged the opposition to engage in dialogue and "stop cultivating hatred that results in dividing the country".[4]

In June 2017 members of the FONAC opposition coalition argued that the National Assembly became illegitimate by continuing to sit beyond 21 June, two years after the extension of the parliamentary term, and that deputies from the opposition should consequently resign. Opposition deputies led by Saleh Kebzabo responded that they would not resign, feeling that it would be more "useful" for them to remain in the National Assembly; however, they also said that the next election should be held promptly, dismissing Déby's view that the delay was necessary due to a lack of funds and that in the future the government should make every effort to hold elections on time.[3]

The elections were later rescheduled to November 2018.[5] When this deadline too was not met, a new one of May 2019 was proposed by the government.[6] The new National Independent Elections Commission (CENI) was sworn in by the Supreme Court on 4 April 2019 despite protests by segments of the opposition regarding its impartiality.[7] On 5 April, the Coordination des Partis Politiques pour la Défense de la Constitution (CPDC) comprising a dozen opposition parties controlling 31 seats in the 188-seat National Assembly rejected the swearing-in, calling it "illegally constituted, null and void and of no effect."[8] The country's election board said "the realistic time frame for holding legislative elections is the first quarter of 2020".[9] At the beginning of that year a date was set for 9 August 2020, shortly thereafter amended to 13 December, citing increased attacks by Boko Haram around Lake Chad.[10][11] With the COVID-19 pandemic the election was postponed yet again to April, then October 2021, and later September 2022.[12][13][14] The junta later announced a further postponement of elections for two years, scheduling elections for around October 2024.[15]

On 21 August 2024 the National Election Management Agency (ANGE) announced that parliamentary and local elections would be held on 29 December 2024.[1] The submission of candidacies ran from 19 to 28 October, while final election results are expected on 3 February 2025.[1] On 13 November, ANGE released a provisional list of candidates, in which it rejected the applications of 46 of 179 political parties and coalitions as well as 103 of 1,260 individuals. Among those disqualified were the ruling MPS's secretary general, Mahamat Zen Bada, citing a previous conviction for forgery, and five other MPS officials, who were also disqualified on similar grounds.[16] On 25 November the Constitutional Council approved 1,329 candidates.[17]

In October 2024 the country's largest opposition party, Les Transformateurs, and 15 other opposition parties, said that they would boycott the election, citing concerns about a "corrupt" electoral register and a lack of guarantees that the election would be free and fair.[18][19]

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Electoral system

The 188 members of the National Assembly are elected from 128 constituencies, including four constituencies for voters abroad. In the 83 constituencies with one seat first-past-the-post voting is used. In the 45 multi-member constituencies ranging in size from two to five seats, a party receiving over 50% of the vote wins all the seats available; if no party receives over 50% of the vote, seats are allocated proportionally using the largest remainders method.[20]

The minimum voting age is 18. All Chadian citizens not prohibited from voting by the Electoral Code are eligible to participate.[21]

For the 2024 elections around eight million people were registered to vote.[22]

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Conduct

Voting began at 06:00 and ended at 18:00. The opposition Democratic Party of the Chadian People (PDPT) accused the MPS of establishing "fraud networks" and said that more than a thousand ballots meant to be used in Bongor had disappeared. Coverage of the election by domestic private media outlets was also restricted after the government refused to grant subsidies.[23] More than 100 international observers and representatives of political parties were deployed to monitor the vote. Early voting was held on 28 December for members of the Chad National Army and nomads, with ANGE noting a turnout of more than 72% among soldiers and 54% among nomads. By noon on 29 December however, overall turnout was at 38%.[24]

Results

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Provisional results were published on 12 January 2025,[25] showing that the ruling Patriotic Salvation Movement party won 124 out of 188 seats on a voter turnout of 52%.[26]

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Results by constituency

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See also

References

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