20th Canadian Parliament

The 20th Canadian Parliament was in session from 6 September 1945, until 30 April 1949. The membership was set by the 1945 federal election on 11 June 1945, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1949 election.

20th Canadian Parliament
Minority parliament
September 6, 1945 – April 30, 1949
Parliament leaders
Prime Minister	William Lyon Mackenzie King October 23, 1935 – November 15, 1948
	Louis St. Laurent November 15, 1948 – June 21, 1957
Cabinets	16th Canadian Ministry 17th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	John Bracken 11 June 1945 – 20 July 1948
	George A. Drew 2 October 1948 – 1 November 1954
Party caucuses
Government	Liberal Party
Opposition	Progressive Conservative Party
Crossbench	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
	Social Credit Party
	Bloc populaire
	Labor-Progressive Party
House of Commons
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Gaspard Fauteux 6 September 1945 – 14 September 1949
Government House Leader	Ian Alistair Mackenzie 14 October 1944 – 30 April 1948
	Alphonse Fournier 1 May 1948 – 9 May 1953
Members	245 MP seats List of members
Senate
Speaker of the Senate	James Horace King 24 August 1945 – 2 August 1949
Government Senate Leader	Wishart McLea Robertson 24 August 1945 – 14 October 1953
Opposition Senate Leader	Charles Colquhoun Ballantyne 16 January 1942 – 11 September 1945
	John Thomas Haig 12 September 1945 – 20 June 1957
Sovereign
Monarch	George VI 11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952
Governor General	Alexander Cambridge 21 June 1940 – 12 April 1946
	Harold Alexander 12 April 1946 – 28 January 1952
Sessions
1st session 6 September 1945 – 18 December 1945
2nd session 14 March 1946 – 31 August 1946
3rd session 30 January 1947 – 17 July 1947
4th session 5 December 1947 – 30 June 1948
5th session 29 January 1949 – 30 April 1949
← 19th → 21st

William Lyon Mackenzie King was Prime Minister during the first three years of the 20th Canadian Parliament.

Louis St. Laurent was Prime Minister during the final year of the 20th Canadian Parliament.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party minority first under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and the 16th Canadian Ministry, and later a majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the newly named Progressive Conservative Party, led first by John Bracken and later by George Drew.

The Speaker was Gaspard Fauteux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1933-1947 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

In this parliament, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, led by M. J. Coldwell, overtook the Social Credit as third largest party.

There were five sessions of the 20th Parliament.

List of members

Following is a full list of members of the twentieth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district. Party leaders are italicized. Parliamentary assistants is indicated by "‡". Cabinet ministers are in boldface. The Prime Minister is both. The Speaker is indicated by "(†)".

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Alberta

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Acadia		Victor Quelch	Social Credit	1935
Athabaska		Joseph Miville Dechene	Liberal	1940
Battle River		Robert Fair	Social Credit	1935
Bow River		Charles Edward Johnston	Social Credit	1935
Calgary East		Douglas Harkness	Progressive Conservative	1945
Calgary West		Arthur LeRoy Smith	Progressive Conservative	1945
Camrose		James Alexander Marshall	Social Credit	1935
Edmonton East		Patrick Harvey Ashby	Social Credit	1945
Edmonton West		James Angus MacKinnon	Liberal	1935
Jasper—Edson		Walter Frederick Kuhl	Social Credit	1935
Lethbridge		John Horne Blackmore	Social Credit	1935
Macleod		Ernest George Hansell	Social Credit	1935
Medicine Hat		William Duncan Wylie	Social Credit	1945
Peace River		Solon Earl Low	Social Credit	1945
Red Deer		Frederick Davis Shaw	Social Credit	1940
Vegreville		Anthony Hlynka	Social Credit	1940
Wetaskiwin		Norman Jaques	Social Credit	1935

British Columbia

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Cariboo		William Irvine	CCF	1921,[a] 1926,[b] 1945
Comox—Alberni		John Lambert Gibson	Independent Liberal	1945
Fraser Valley		George Cruickshank	Liberal	1940
Kamloops		Davie Fulton	Progressive Conservative	1945
Kootenay East		James Herbert Matthews	CCF	1945
Kootenay West		Herbert Wilfred Herridge	Independent CCF	1945
Nanaimo		George Pearkes	Progressive Conservative	1945
New Westminster		Thomas Reid ‡	Liberal	1930
Skeena		Harry Archibald	CCF	1945
Vancouver—Burrard		Charles Merritt	Progressive Conservative	1945
Vancouver Centre		Ian Alistair Mackenzie (until 19 January 1948 Senate appointment)	Liberal	1930
		Rodney Young (by-election of 8 June 1948)	CCF	1948
Vancouver East		Angus MacInnis	CCF	1930
Vancouver North		James Sinclair ‡	Liberal	1940
Vancouver South		Howard Charles Green	Progressive Conservative	1935
Victoria		Robert Mayhew ‡	Liberal	1937
Yale		Grote Stirling (resigned 21 October 1947)	Progressive Conservative	1924
		Owen Jones (by-election of 31 May 1948)	CCF	1948

Manitoba

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Brandon		James Ewen Matthews	Liberal	1938
Churchill		Ronald Stewart Moore	CCF	1945
Dauphin		Fred Zaplitny	CCF	1945
Lisgar		Howard Winkler	Liberal	1935
Macdonald		William Gilbert Weir	Liberal-Progressive	1930
Marquette		James Allison Glen (resigned 4 November 1948)	Liberal	1926,[c] 1935
		Stuart Garson (by-election of 20 December 1948)	Liberal	1948
Neepawa		John Bracken	Progressive Conservative	1945
Portage la Prairie		Harry Leader (died 9 May 1946)	Liberal	1921,[d] 1935
		Calvert Charlton Miller (by-election of 21 October 1946)	Progressive Conservative	1946
Provencher		René Jutras	Liberal	1940
Selkirk		William Bryce	CCF	1943
Souris		J. Arthur Ross	Progressive Conservative	1940
Springfield		John Sinnott	Liberal	1945
St. Boniface		Fernand Viau	Liberal	1945
Winnipeg North		Alistair Stewart	CCF	1940
Winnipeg North Centre		Stanley Knowles	CCF	1942
Winnipeg South		Leslie Mutch ‡	Liberal	1935
Winnipeg South Centre		Ralph Maybank ‡	Liberal	1935

New Brunswick

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Charlotte		A. Wesley Stuart	Liberal	1945
Gloucester		Clovis-Thomas Richard	Liberal	1945
Kent		Aurel Léger	Liberal	1940
Northumberland		John William Maloney	Liberal	1945
Restigouche—Madawaska		Benoît Michaud	Liberal	1945
Royal		Alfred Johnson Brooks	Progressive Conservative	1935
St. John—Albert		King Hazen	Progressive Conservative	1940
Victoria—Carleton		Heber Harold Hatfield	Progressive Conservative	1940
Westmorland		Henry Read Emmerson	Liberal	1935
York—Sunbury		Hedley Francis Gregory Bridges (died in office)	Liberal	1945
		Milton Fowler Gregg (by-election of 20 October 1947)	Liberal	1947

Nova Scotia

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Antigonish—Guysborough		J. Ralph Kirk	Liberal	1936
Cape Breton North and Victoria		Matthew MacLean	Liberal	1937
Cape Breton South		Clarence Gillis	CCF	1940
Colchester—Hants		Frank Thomas Stanfield	Progressive Conservative	1945
Cumberland		Percy Chapman Black	Progressive Conservative	1940
Digby—Annapolis—Kings		James Lorimer Ilsley (resigned 27 October 1948)	Liberal	1926
		George Nowlan (by-election of 13 December 1948)	Progressive Conservative	1948
Halifax*		Gordon Benjamin Isnor	Liberal	1935
		William Chisholm Macdonald ‡ (died 19 November 1946)	Liberal	1940
		John Dickey (by-election of 14 July 1947, replaces Macdonald)	Liberal	1947
Inverness—Richmond		Moses Elijah McGarry	Liberal	1940
Pictou		Henry Byron McCulloch	Liberal	1935
Queens—Lunenburg		Robert Winters ‡	Liberal	1945
Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare		Loran Ellis Baker ‡	Liberal	1945

Ontario

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Algoma East		Thomas Farquhar (until 10 September 1948 Senate appointment)	Liberal	1935
		Lester B. Pearson (by-election of 25 October 1948)	Liberal	1948
Algoma West		George E. Nixon	Liberal	1940
Brantford City		William Ross Macdonald	Liberal	1935
Brant		John A. Charlton	Progressive Conservative	1945
Broadview		Thomas Langton Church	Progressive Conservative	1933
Bruce		Andrew Ernest Robinson	Progressive Conservative	1945
Carleton		George Russell Boucher (resigned 1 November 1948)	Progressive Conservative	1940
		George Drew (by-election of 20 December 1948)	Progressive Conservative	1948
Cochrane		Joseph-Arthur Bradette	Liberal	1926
Danforth		Joseph Henry Harris	Progressive Conservative	1921
Davenport		John Ritchie MacNicol	Progressive Conservative	1930
Dufferin—Simcoe		William Earl Rowe	Progressive Conservative	1925
Durham		Charles Elwood Stephenson	Progressive Conservative	1945
Eglinton		Donald Fleming	Progressive Conservative	1945
Elgin		Charles Delmer Coyle	Progressive Conservative	1945
Essex East		Paul Martin Sr.	Liberal	1935
Essex South		Murray Clark	Liberal	1935
Essex West		Donald Ferguson Brown	Liberal	1945
Fort William		Dan McIvor	Liberal	1935
Frontenac—Addington		Wilbert Ross Aylesworth	Progressive Conservative	1940
Glengarry		William MacDiarmid (resigned 22 June 1945)	Liberal	1940
		William Lyon Mackenzie King (by-election of 6 August 1945)	Liberal	1908,[e] 1919,[f] 1921,[g] 1926,[h] 1945
Greenwood		Denton Massey	Progressive Conservative	1935
Grenville—Dundas		Arza Clair Casselman	Progressive Conservative	1921, 1925
Grey—Bruce		Walter Harris	Liberal	1940
Grey North		W. Garfield Case	Progressive Conservative	1945
Haldimand		Mark Senn	Progressive Conservative	1921
Halton		Hughes Cleaver	Liberal	1935
Hamilton East		Thomas Hambly Ross	Liberal	1940
Hamilton West		Colin Gibson	Liberal	1940
Hastings—Peterborough		George Stanley White	Progressive Conservative	1940
Hastings South		George Henry Stokes	Progressive Conservative	1940
High Park		William Alexander McMaster	Progressive Conservative	1945
Huron North		Elston Cardiff	Progressive Conservative	1940
Huron—Perth		William Henry Golding	Liberal	1932
Kenora—Rainy River		William Moore Benidickson	Liberal	1945
Kent		Earl Desmond	Progressive Conservative	1940
Kingston City		Thomas Kidd	Progressive Conservative	1945
Lambton—Kent		Robert James Henderson	Progressive Conservative	1945
Lambton West		Joseph Warner Murphy	Progressive Conservative	1945
Lanark		William Gourlay Blair	Progressive Conservative	1945
Leeds		George Webb	Progressive Conservative	1945
Lincoln		Norman Lockhart	Progressive Conservative	1935
London		Park Manross	Progressive Conservative	1945
Middlesex East		Harry Oliver White	Progressive Conservative	1945
Middlesex West		Robert McCubbin ‡	Liberal	1940
Muskoka—Ontario		James Macdonnell	Progressive Conservative	1945
Nipissing		Léo Gauthier	Liberal	1945
Norfolk		Theobald Butler Barrett	Progressive Conservative	1945
Northumberland		Earle Drope	Progressive Conservative	1945
Ontario		W. E. N. Sinclair (died in office)	Liberal	1945
		Arthur Henry Williams (by-election of 8 June 1948)	CCF	1948
Ottawa East		Jean-Thomas Richard	Liberal	1945
Ottawa West		George McIlraith ‡	Liberal	1940
Oxford		Kenneth Daniel	Progressive Conservative	1945
Parkdale		Herbert Alexander Bruce (until resignation)	Progressive Conservative	1940
		Harold Timmins (by-election of 21 October 1946)	Progressive Conservative	1946
Parry Sound		Wilfred McDonald	Liberal	1945
Peel		Gordon Graydon	Progressive Conservative	1935
Perth		Albert Bradshaw	Progressive Conservative	1945
Peterborough West		Gordon Fraser	Progressive Conservative	1940
Port Arthur		Clarence Decatur Howe	Liberal	1935
Prescott		Élie-Oscar Bertrand	Liberal	1929
Prince Edward—Lennox		George Tustin	Progressive Conservative	1935
Renfrew North		Ralph Warren	Liberal	1937
Renfrew South		James Joseph McCann	Liberal	1935
Rosedale		Harry Jackman	Progressive Conservative	1940
Russell		Joseph-Omer Gour	Liberal	1945
St. Paul's		Douglas Ross	Progressive Conservative	1935
Simcoe East		William Alfred Robinson	Liberal	1945
Simcoe North		Julian Ferguson	Progressive Conservative	1945
Spadina		David Croll	Liberal	1945
Stormont		Lionel Chevrier	Liberal	1935
Timiskaming		Walter Little	Liberal	1935
Trinity		Larry Skey	Progressive Conservative	1945
Victoria		Clayton Hodgson	Progressive Conservative	1945
Waterloo North		Louis Orville Breithaupt	Liberal	1940
Waterloo South		Karl Kenneth Homuth	Progressive Conservative	1938
Welland		Humphrey Mitchell	Liberal	1931,[i] 1942
Wellington North		Lewis Menary	Progressive Conservative	1945
Wellington South		Robert Gladstone	Liberal	1935
Wentworth		Frank Lennard	Progressive Conservative	1935, 1945
York East		Robert Henry McGregor	Progressive Conservative	1926
York North		Jack Smith	Liberal	1945
York South		Alan Cockeram	Progressive Conservative	1940, 1945
York West		Agar Rodney Adamson	Progressive Conservative	1940

Prince Edward Island

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
King's		Thomas Vincent Grant	Liberal	1935
Prince		John Watson MacNaught ‡	Liberal	1945
Queen's*		James Lester Douglas	Liberal	1940
		Chester McLure	Progressive Conservative	1930, 1945

Quebec

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Argenteuil		Georges Héon	Independent Progressive Conservative	1938, 1945
Beauce		Ludger Dionne	Liberal	1945
Beauharnois—Laprairie		Maxime Raymond	Bloc populaire canadien	1925[j]
Bellechasse		Louis-Philippe Picard	Liberal	1940
Berthier—Maskinongé		Aldéric Laurendeau	Liberal	1945
Bonaventure		Bona Arsenault	Independent	1945
Brome—Missisquoi		Maurice Hallé	Liberal	1940
Cartier		Fred Rose (seat declared vacant 30 January 1947, by House of Commons)	Labor-Progressive	1943
		Maurice Hartt (by-election of 31 March 1947)	Liberal	1947
Chambly—Rouville		Roch Pinard	Liberal	1945
Champlain		Hervé-Edgar Brunelle	Liberal	1935
Chapleau		David Gourd	Liberal	1945
Charlevoix—Saguenay		Frédéric Dorion	Independent	1942
Châteauguay—Huntingdon		Donald Elmer Black	Liberal	1935
Chicoutimi		Paul-Edmond Gagnon	Independent	1945
Compton		Joseph-Adéodat Blanchette ‡	Liberal	1935
Dorchester		Léonard Tremblay	Liberal	1935
Drummond—Arthabaska		Armand Cloutier	Liberal	1940
Gaspé		Léopold Langlois	Liberal	1945
Hochelaga		Raymond Eudes	Liberal	1940
Hull		Alphonse Fournier	Liberal	1930
Jacques Cartier		Elphège Marier	Liberal	1939
Joliette—l'Assomption—Montcalm		Georges-Émile Lapalme	Liberal	1945
Kamouraska		Eugène Marquis	Liberal	1945
Labelle		Maurice Lalonde	Liberal	1935
Lake St-John—Roberval		Joseph-Alfred Dion	Independent Liberal	1945
Laurier		Ernest Bertrand	Liberal	1935
Laval—Two Mountains		Liguori Lacombe (resigned 12 July 1948)	Independent	1925, 1935
		Léopold Demers (by-election of 20 December 1948)	Liberal	1948
Lévis		Maurice Bourget	Independent Liberal	1940
Lotbinière		Hugues Lapointe ‡	Liberal	1940
Maisonneuve—Rosemont		Sarto Fournier	Liberal	1935
Matapédia—Matane		Philéas Côté	Independent Liberal	1945
Mégantic—Frontenac		Joseph Lafontaine	Liberal	1940
Mercier		Joseph Jean	Liberal	1932
Montmagny—L'Islet		Jean Lesage	Liberal	1945
Mount Royal		Fred Whitman	Liberal	1940
Nicolet—Yamaska		Lucien Dubois (died 8 November 1948)	Independent Liberal	1930
		Renaud Chapdelaine (by-election of 7 February 1949)	Progressive Conservative	1949
Outremont		Édouard Rinfret	Liberal	1945
Pontiac		Wallace McDonald (died 2 May 1946)	Liberal	1935
		Réal Caouette (by-election of 16 September 1946)	Social Credit	1946
Portneuf		Pierre Gauthier	Liberal	1936
Québec—Montmorency		Wilfrid Lacroix	Independent Liberal	1935
Quebec East		Louis St. Laurent	Liberal	1942
Quebec South		Charles Gavan Power	Liberal	1917
Quebec West and South		Charles Parent	Independent Liberal	1935
Richelieu—Verchères		Arthur Cardin (died 21 October 1946)	Independent	1911
		Gérard Cournoyer (by-election of 23 December 1946)	Liberal	1946
Richmond—Wolfe		James Patrick Mullins	Liberal	1935
Rimouski		Gleason Belzile ‡	Liberal	1945
St. Ann		Thomas Healy	Liberal	1940
St. Antoine—Westmount		Douglas Abbott	Liberal	1940
St. Denis		Azellus Denis	Liberal	1935
St. Henry		Joseph-Arsène Bonnier	Liberal	1938
St. Hyacinthe—Bagot		Joseph Fontaine	Liberal	1945
St. James		Roland Beaudry	Liberal	1945
St. Johns—Iberville—Napierville		Alcide Côté	Liberal	1945
St. Lawrence—St. George		Brooke Claxton	Liberal	1940
St. Mary		Gaspard Fauteux (†)	Liberal	1942
St-Maurice—Laflèche		René Hamel	Bloc populaire canadien	1945
Shefford		Marcel Boivin	Liberal	1945
Sherbrooke		Maurice Gingues	Liberal	1940
Stanstead		John Thomas Hackett	Progressive Conservative	1930, 1945
Témiscouata		Jean-François Pouliot	Independent Liberal	1924
			Liberal
Terrebonne		Lionel Bertrand	Liberal	1940
Trois-Rivières		Wilfrid Gariépy	Independent	1935,[k] 1945
Vaudreuil—Soulanges		Louis-René Beaudoin	Liberal	1945
Verdun		Paul-Émile Côté ‡	Liberal	1940
Wright		Léon Raymond	Liberal	1945

Saskatchewan

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Assiniboia		Edward McCullough	CCF	1945
Humboldt		Joseph William Burton	CCF	1935
Kindersley		Frank Jaenicke	CCF	1945
Lake Centre		John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative	1940
Mackenzie		Alexander Malcolm Nicholson	CCF	1940
Maple Creek		Duncan John McCuaig	CCF	1945
Melfort		Percy Wright	CCF	1940
Melville		James Garfield Gardiner	Liberal	1936
Moose Jaw		Ross Thatcher	CCF	1945
North Battleford		Frederick Townley-Smith	CCF	1945
Prince Albert		Edward LeRoy Bowerman	CCF	1945
Qu'Appelle		Gladys Strum	CCF	1945
Regina City		John Probe	CCF	1945
Rosetown—Biggar		Major James Coldwell	CCF	1935
Rosthern		Walter Tucker ‡ (resigned 8 June 1948)	Liberal	1935
		William Albert Boucher (by-election of 25 October 1948)	Liberal	1948
Saskatoon City		Roy Knight	CCF	1945
Swift Current		Thomas John Bentley	CCF	1945
The Battlefords		Max Campbell	CCF	1945
Weyburn		Eric McKay	CCF	1945
Wood Mountain		Hazen Argue	CCF	1945
Yorkton		George Hugh Castleden	CCF	1940

Yukon

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Yukon		George Black	Progressive Conservative	1921, 1940

By-elections

Main article: By-elections to the 20th Canadian Parliament

By-election	Date	Incumbent	Party		Winner	Party		Cause	Retained
Nicolet—Yamaska	February 7, 1949	Lucien Dubois		Independent Liberal	Renaud Chapdelaine		Progressive Conservative	Death	No
Carleton	December 20, 1948	George Russell Boucher		Progressive Conservative	George A. Drew		Progressive Conservative	Resignation to provide a seat for Drew	Yes
Laval—Two Mountains	December 20, 1948	Liguori Lacombe		Independent	Léopold Demers		Liberal	Resignation	No
Marquette	December 20, 1948	James Allison Glen		Liberal	Stuart Sinclair Garson		Liberal	Resignation	Yes
Digby—Annapolis—Kings	December 13, 1948	James Lorimer Ilsley		Liberal	George Clyde Nowlan		Progressive Conservative	Resignation	No
Algoma East	October 25, 1948	Thomas Farquhar		Liberal	Lester B. Pearson		Liberal	Called to the Senate	Yes
Rosthern	October 25, 1948	Walter Adam Tucker		Liberal	William Albert Boucher		Liberal	Resignation	Yes
Ontario	June 8, 1948	W. E. N. Sinclair		Liberal	Arthur Henry Williams		CCF	Death	No
Vancouver Centre	June 8, 1948	Ian Alistair Mackenzie		Liberal	Rodney Young		CCF	Called to the Senate	No
Yale	May 31, 1948	Grote Stirling		Progressive Conservative	Owen Lewis Jones		CCF	Resignation	No
York—Sunbury	October 20, 1947	H. Francis G. Bridges		Liberal	Milton Gregg		Liberal	Death	Yes
Halifax	July 14, 1947	William Chisholm Macdonald		Liberal	John Dickey		Liberal	Death	Yes
Cartier	March 31, 1947	Fred Rose		Labor-Progressive	Maurice Hartt		Liberal	Seat declared vacant by resolution of the House of Commons	No
Richelieu—Verchères	December 23, 1946	Arthur Cardin		Independent	Gérard Cournoyer		Liberal	Death	No
Parkdale	October 21, 1946	Herbert A. Bruce		Progressive Conservative	Harold Timmins		Progressive Conservative	Resignation	Yes
Portage la Prairie	October 21, 1946	Harry Leader		Liberal	Calvert Charlton Miller		Progressive Conservative	Death	No
Pontiac	September 16, 1946	Wallace McDonald		Liberal	Réal Caouette		Social Credit	Death	No
Glengarry	August 6, 1945	William B. MacDiarmid		Liberal	William Lyon Mackenzie King		Liberal	Resignation to provide a seat for Mackenzie King	Yes

Notes

1. East Calgary (Alberta) elected as a Labour
2. Wetaskiwin (Alberta) elected as United Farmers
3. elected as a Liberal-Progressive
4. elected as a Progressive
5. Waterloo North
6. Prince (Prince Edward Island)
7. York North
8. Prince Albert (Saskatchewan)
9. Hamilton East (elected as a Labour)
10. elected as a Liberal
11. elected as a Liberal

References

• Government of Canada. "16th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on 22 February 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
• Government of Canada. "17th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on 28 December 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
• Government of Canada. "20th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 20 December 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 September 2005. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 17 September 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2006.