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30s
Fourth decade of the first century AD From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The 30s decade ran from January 1, AD 30, to December 31, AD 39.
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Jesus was crucified early in the decade: his suffering and redemptive death would form central aspects of Christian theology concerning the doctrines of salvation and atonement. Peter the Apostle founded the Church of Antioch. Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Alexandria. A financial crisis hit Rome in AD 33.
In Asia, the Western Satraps and Kushan Empire emerged. In Europe, the 30s saw a Dacian revolt against the Sarmatian tribe of Iazyges, who had enslaved them, and a Samaritan uprising. In west Asia, Artabanus II of Parthia fought a war with Rome over Armenia. The Han dynasty saw the outbreak of the Rebellion of Gongsun Shu. Roman emperor Tiberius died in AD 37, being succeeded by Caligula.
An earthquake that shook Antioch in AD 37 caused the emperor Caligula to send two senators to report on the condition of the city.[1] In China, an epidemic broke out in K'aui-chi, causing many deaths, and Imperial official Ch'ung-li I (Zhongli Yi) provided medicine that saved many lives.[citation needed]
Valerius Maximus wrote Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX: It is a collection of approximately a thousand short stories that Valerius wrote during the reign of Tiberius (42 BC – AD 37). Other literary works from the 30s include a popular collection of fables written by Phaedrus, a symbolic interpretation of the Old Testament (Allegory) written by Philo, and a general history of the countries known in Antiquity written by Velleius Paterculus.
Manning (2008) tentatively estimates the world population in AD 30 as 247 million.
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Demographics
Due to lack of reliable demographic data, estimates of the world population in the 1st century vary wildly, with estimates for AD 1 varying from 150[2] to 300[3] million. Demographers typically do not attempt to estimate most specific years in antiquity, instead giving approximate numbers for round years such as AD 1 or AD 200. However, attempts at reconstructing the world population in more specific years have been made, with Manning (2008) tentatively estimating the world population in AD 30 as 247 million.[4]
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AD 30
By place
South Asia
- The Kushan Empire is founded (approximate date).[citation needed]
Roman Empire
- Agrippina the Elder (the wife of Germanicus) and two of her sons, Nero Julius Caesar and Drusus Caesar, are arrested and exiled on orders of Lucius Aelius Sejanus (the prefect of the Praetorian Guard), and later starved to death in suspicious circumstances. In Sejanus's purge of Agrippina the Elder and her family, her son Caligula, and her three daughters, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla are the only survivors.[5]
- Phaedrus translates Aesop's fables, and composes some of his own.[6]
- Velleius Paterculus writes the general history of the countries known in Antiquity.[citation needed]
By topic
Religion
- 7 April (Good Friday) – Jesus is crucified (according to one dating scheme). He is later reported alive by his disciples.
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Significant people
- Guangwu, Emperor of China (25-57)
- Pharasmanes I, King of Caucasian Iberia (1-58)
- Feradach Finnfechtnach, Legendary High King of Ireland (14-36)
- Fíatach Finn, Legendary High King of Ireland (36-39)
- Fíachu Finnolach, Legendary High King of Ireland (39-56)
- Suinin, Legendary Emperor of Japan (29 BC–AD 70)
- Heraios, Yuezhi Tribal leader of the Kushans (c.1-30)
- Kujula Kadphises, King (and founder) of the Kushan Empire (30-80)
- Abgar V of Edessa, King of Osroene (4 BC–AD 7, 13–50)
- Artabanus III, King of the Parthian Empire (10-35, 36-40)
- Tiridates III, King of the Parthian Empire (35-36)
- Tiberius, Roman Emperor (AD 14–37)
- Gaius Caesar Germanicus/Caligula, Roman Emperor (AD 37–41)
- Claudius, statesman, Consul, and future Roman Emperor, in office (as Consul) 37
- Jesus Christ, founding figure of Christianity, (ca. 4 BC–ca. AD 33)
- Andrew the Apostle, Apostle and first Bishop of Byzantium (c.38)
- Mark the Evangelist, Apostle and first Coptic Pope of Alexandria (c.43-68)
- Paul the Apostle, Apostle and Theologian (c.5-64)
- Saint Peter, Apostle and first Bishop of Rome (c.30-c.64)
- Thomas the Apostle, Apostle and first Patriarch of the East (c.33-c.72)
- Yuri, King of Silla (24-57)
Births
AD 30
- November 8 – Nerva, Roman emperor (d. AD 98)
- Jia Kui, Chinese Confucian philosopher (d. AD 101)
- Mobon of Goguryeo, Korean king (d. AD 53)
- Poppaea Sabina, second wife of Nero (d. AD 65)[17]
- Quintus Petillius Cerialis, Roman general
AD 31
- Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus, Roman consul
- Musonius Rufus, Roman Stoic philosopher (d. 101)
AD 32
- 28 April – Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman emperor (d. AD 69)
- Ban Chao, Chinese general and diplomat (d. 102)[18]
- Ban Gu, Chinese historian and politician (d. AD 92)[18]
AD 33
- Gaius Rubellius Plautus, son of Gaius Rubellius Blandus and Julia Livia (granddaughter of Tiberius) (d. AD 62)
AD 34
- December 4 – Aulus Persius Flaccus, Roman poet (d. AD 62)
- Mariamne, daughter of Herod Agrippa I (approximate date)
- Zhang Daoling, Chinese Taoist master (d. 156)
AD 35
- Decimus Valerius Asiaticus, Roman senator and governor
- Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, Roman prefect (approximate date)
- Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, Roman rhetorician (approximate date)
- Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus, Roman senator (d. AD 93)
- Statilia Messalina, Roman empress and wife of Nero (approximate date)
AD 36
- Lucius Annius Vinicianus, Roman senator and legatus in the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63.[19]
AD 37
- December 15 – Nero, Roman emperor[20] (d. 68 AD)
- Josephus, Romano-Jewish historian[21] (d. c. 100 AD)
AD 38
- Drusilla, Jewish princess and daughter of Herod Agrippa I (d. AD 79)
- Drusilla, princess of Mauretania
- Julius Archelaus Antiochus, prince of Commagene (d. AD 92)
- Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus, Roman co-emperor (d. AD 69)
- Marcus Valerius Martialis, Roman Latin poet (approximate date)
AD 39
- November 3 – Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, Roman poet (d. AD 65)
- December 30 – Titus Flavius, Roman emperor (d. AD 81)[22]
- Julia Drusilla, daughter of Caligula (d. AD 41)
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Deaths
AD 30
- April 7 – Jesus of Nazareth, (possible date of the crucifixion)[23][24][25] (born circa 4 BC) The other possible dates also supported by scholarly consensus among a survey of 100 published scholarly biblical statements are April 6, AD 31 and April 3, AD 33.[25][26]
AD 31
- April 6 – Jesus of Nazareth, founder of Christianity (possible date of the crucifixion)[27][24][25] (born circa 4 BC) The other possible dates also supported by scholarly consensus among a survey of 100 published scholarly biblical statements are April 7, AD 30 and April 3, AD 33,[25][26] and April 27, AD 31 (according to a Chodesh calculating system).[28]
- October 18 – Lucius Aelius Sejanus, Roman prefect and advisor (b. 20 BC)
- Claudia Livia Julia, niece and daughter-in-law of Tiberius (b. 13 BC)[29]
- Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Roman historian and writer (b. c. 19 BC)
- Nero Julius Caesar Germanicus, grandson and heir of Tiberius (b. AD 6)
AD 32
- Cassius Severus, Roman rhetor and writer[30]
- Decimus Haterius Agrippa, Roman consul
- Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul (b. 48 BC)
- Jesus of Nazareth (approximate date)
- John the Baptist, religious figure in Christianity, Islam, and other Abrahamic religions (b. late 1st century BC)
AD 33
- April 3 – Jesus of Nazareth, (possible date of the crucifixion)[31][32][33][34][35][7][8] The other possible dates supported by a number of scholars are April 7, AD 30 and April 6, AD 31.[36]
- Agrippina the Elder, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, wife of Germanicus (suicide by starvation;[37] b. c. 14 BC)
- Drusus Caesar, son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, adoptive son of Tiberius (starvation;[38] b. AD 8)
- Gaius Asinius Gallus, widower of Vipsania Agrippina and alleged lover of Agrippina the elder (starvation)[39]
- Lucius Aelius Larnia, Roman consul, governor and praefectus urbi in Rome (natural causes; b. c. 45 BC)
- Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman consul and father-in-law of Drusus Caesar (natural causes;[40] b. c. 30 BC)
- Marcus Cocceius Nerva, Roman jurist (suicide by starvation; b. c. 5 BC)
- Munatia Plancina, wife of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (suicide)
AD 34
- Artaxias III, Roman client king of Armenia (b. 13 BC)
- Philip the Tetrarch, Jewish ruler of Batanaea
- Stephen, Jewish martyr of Christianity (stoned to death)
AD 35
- Arsaces I (or Arshak I), Roman client king of Armenia
- Epaticcus, British prince of the Catuvellauni (approximate date)
- Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus, Roman statesman and consul
- Lucius Fulcinius Trio, Roman senator and suffect consul
- Phraates, Parthian prince and son of Phraates IV
AD 36
- December 24 – Gongsun Shu, Chinese emperor of Chengjia
- Gaius Sulpicius Galba, Roman senator and consul
- Thrasyllus of Mendes, Greek grammarian and astronomer
- Vibulenus Agrippa, Roman nobleman and knight (eques)
AD 37
- March 16 – Tiberius, Roman emperor[14] (b. 42 BC)
- May 1 – Antonia the Younger, daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia the Younger; grandmother of Caligula[41] (b. 36 BC)
- Lucius Arruntius (the Younger), Roman politician
- Marcus Junius Silanus, Roman politician (b. c. 26 BC)
- Maroboduus, king of the Marcomanni (b. c. 30 BC)
AD 38
- June 10 – Julia Drusilla, sister of Caligula (b. AD 16)[42]
- Archelaus of Cilicia, Roman client king
- Du Shi, Chinese inventor and politician
- Ennia Thrasylla, Roman noblewoman
- Naevius Sutorius Macro, Roman prefect (b. 21 BC)
- Rhoemetalces II, Roman client king
- Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius (b. AD 19)
- Tiberius Julius Aspurgus, Roman client king
AD 39
- Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus, Roman consul
- Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman politician (b. AD 6)
- Seneca the Elder, Roman rhetorician (approximate date)
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References
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