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400s BC (decade)
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This article concerns the period 409 BC – 400 BC.
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409 BC
By place
Greece
- Alcibiades recaptures Byzantium, ending the city's rebellion from Athens. This action completes Athenian control of the Bosporus which secures the Athenian supply route for grain from the Bosporan Kingdom in the Black Sea region.
- The Athenian general, Thrasyllus, sails out from Athens with a sizable force to campaign in Ionia. There, he quickly captures Colophon and raids the Ionian countryside, but is defeated outside Ephesus by a combined Ephesian, Persian, and Syracusan force.
- Pausanias succeeds his father Pleistoanax as Agiad king of Sparta.
- The city of Rhodes is founded.
Sicily
- Taking advantage of the quarrels between the Greek cities in Sicily and of the mutual exhaustion of Athens and Syracuse, Carthage seeks to reimpose its influence over the island. Hannibal Mago, grandson of Hamilcar, invades Sicily with a strong force. He defeats the Sicilian Greeks and avenges his grandfather through the torture and killing of 3,000 Greek prisoners. In the Battle of Selinus and Battle of Himera he captures and destroys both cities before returning triumphantly to Carthage with the spoils of war.
By topic
Literature
- Sophocles' play Philoctetes is performed, with the theme of the Trojan War.
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Births
408 BC
- Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek astronomer, mathematician, physician, scholar and adherent of Pythagoras (d. c. 355 BC)
- Dion, tyrant of Syracuse (d. c. 354 BC)
407 BC
- Speusippus, Greek philosopher (d. 339 BC)[12]
402 BC
400 BC
- Antipater, a Macedonian general (d. 319 BC).[14]
- Parmenion, Macedonian general under Alexander the Great (d. 330 BC).[15]
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Deaths
409 BC
- Pleistoanax, king of Sparta since 458 BC
408 BC
- Hippodamus of Miletus, Greek urban planner and polymath (b. 498 BC)[16]
407 BC
- Hermocrates, leader of the moderate democrats of Syracuse
406 BC
- Euripides, Athenian playwright (b. c. 480 BC)[17]
- Hannibal Mago, Carthaginian general
- Sophocles, Athenian dramatist and politician (b. c. 495 BC)
405 BC
404 BC
- Alcibiades, Athenian statesman (b. c. 450 BC)
- Cleophon, Athenian politician and demagogue
- Darius II Ochus, King of the Persian Empire
- Theramenes, Athenian statesman
403 BC
- Critias, leading member of the Athenian Thirty Tyrants oligarchy (b. 460 BC)
402 BC
- Zhou wei lie wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China
401 BC
- Agis II, Eurypontid king of Sparta
- Clearchus, Spartan general and mercenary
- Cyrus the Younger, younger son of Darius II, King of Persia
400 BC
- Aspasia of Miletus, widow of Pericles of Athens (approximate date) (b. c. 470 BC)
- Siddhārtha Gautama (also known as Buddha), founder of Buddhism (approximate date)
- Thucydides, Greek historian (approximate date) (b. c. 460 BC)
References
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