410s BC

This decade witnessed the continuing decline of the Achaemenid Empire, fierce warfare amongst the Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War, the ongoing Warring States period in Zhou dynasty China, and the closing years of the Olmec civilization (lasting from c. 1200–400 BC) in modern-day Mexico.

419 BC

This section is transcluded from 419 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Greece

• Despite the Peace of Nicias still being in effect, Sparta's King Agis II gathers a strong army at Philus and descends upon Argos by marching at night from the north. His allied Boeotian forces fail him, but he is able to conclude a treaty with Argos. In 419 BC, the Argives, at the instigation of Alcibiades, attacked Epidaurus; and Agis with a large force from Lacedaemon set out and marched to the frontier city of Leuctra. No one, Thucydides tells us, knew the purpose of this expedition. It was probably to make a diversion in favour of Epidaurus. ^[1]

By topic

Drama

• Euripides' play Andromache is performed.
• Sophocles' play Electra is performed. The play takes its theme from The Libation Bearers by Aeschylus.

Significant people

• Euphemus of Athens, Archon of Athens. In office 417-416 BC
• Euripides of Athens, playwright
• Socrates of Athens, philosopher
• Sophocles of Athens, playwright
• Thucydides of Athens, historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
• Hannibal Mago, King of Carthage, r. 440–406 BC
• Weilieh, Zhou dynasty king of China, r. 425–402 BC
• Tharrhypas, King of Epirus, r. 430–390 BC
• Perdiccas II, King of Macedon, r. 454–413 BC
• Archelaus I, King of Macedon, r. 413–399 BC
• Mahapadma Nanda, King (and founder) of the Nanda Dynasty in Magadha (in Ancient India), r. c. 420–362 BC
• Kosho, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 475–393 BC
• Amanineteyerike, King of Kush r. 431–405 BC
• Darius II, King of the Achaemenid Persian Empire r. 423–404 BC
• Amyrtaeus of Egypt, Anti-Achaemenid rebel and future Pharaoh of Egypt
• Joiada of Judah, High-Priest of Israel, held position 433–410 BC
• Johanan of Judah, High-priest of Israel, held position 410–371 BC
• Malachi of Judah, prophet (according to Bible)
• Tissaphernes of Persia, Satrap of Lydia and Caria
• Abdemon, King of Salamis, r. 420–410 BC
• Evagoras, King of Salamis, r. 410–374 BC
• Pleistoanax (Agaid king r. 458–401 BC) and Agis II (Eurypontid king r. 427–400 BC), co-kings of Sparta.
• Seuthes I, King of Thrace, r. 424–410 BC
• Amadocus I, King of Thrace, r. 410–390 BC

Contemporaries of future importance

• Artaxerxes of Persia, Achaemenid prince and future King of Persia
• Cyrus the Younger of Persia, Achaemenid prince and satrap
• Plato of Athens, student of Socrates and future philosopher
• Xenophon of Athens, soldier and future writer of Anabasis

Births

Transcluding articles: 419 BC, 418 BC, 417 BC, 416 BC, 415 BC, 414 BC, 413 BC, 412 BC, 411 BC, and 410 BC

418 BC

• Epaminondas of Thebes, Theban general and statesman (d. 362 BC)^[13]
• Iphicrates, Athenian general (approximate date) (d. c. 353 BC)^[14]

412 BC

• Diogenes of Sinope

411 BC

• Timoleon, Greek statesman and general (approximate date) (d. 337 BC)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 419 BC, 418 BC, 417 BC, 416 BC, 415 BC, 414 BC, 413 BC, 412 BC, 411 BC, and 410 BC

418 BC

• Laches, Athenian aristocrat and general (b. c. 475 BC)^[15]

414 BC

• Lamachus, Athenian general

413 BC

• Demosthenes, Athenian general
• Nicias, Athenian soldier and statesman (b. 470 BC)
• Perdiccas II, Macedonian king

411 BC

• Antiphon, Athenian politician and orator (b. 480 BC)^[16]
• Phrynichus, Athenian general (assassinated)^[17]

410 BC

• Hippocrates of Chios, Greek mathematician and astronomer (approximate date)