4899 Candace

4899 Candace, provisional designation 1988 JU, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 May 1988, by astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named after American chemist Candace Kohl.^[2][3]

4899 Candace

Discovery[1]
Discovered by	C. Shoemaker E. M. Shoemaker
Discovery site	Palomar Obs.
Discovery date	9 May 1988
Designations
MPC designation	(4899) Candace
Named after	Candace P. Kohl[2][3] (American chemist)
Alternative designations	1988 JU · 1952 QL1 1977 EZ1 · 1977 FK1
Minor planet category	main-belt · (inner) Phocaea[4] · background[5]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	40.31 yr (14,724 days)
Aphelion	2.8121 AU
Perihelion	1.9324 AU
Semi-major axis	2.3722 AU
Eccentricity	0.1854
Orbital period (sidereal)	3.65 yr (1,335 days)
Mean anomaly	331.34°
Mean motion	0° 16m 11.28s / day
Inclination	22.564°
Longitude of ascending node	190.20°
Argument of perihelion	74.203°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	6.205±0.030 km[6] 6.526±0.107 km[7] 7.63 km (calculated)[4] 7.80±1.80 km[8] 8.56±0.66 km[9]
Synodic rotation period	40.7 h[a]
Geometric albedo	0.087±0.014[9] 0.23±0.09[8] 0.293±0.045[7] 0.4213±0.0617[6]
Spectral type	S (assumed)[4]
Absolute magnitude (H)	12.6[6] · 12.8[4] · 12.90[1][8] · 13.36±0.51[10] · 13.60[9]

Orbit and classification

Candace is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population based on the hierarchical clustering method.^[5] It has also been considered a member of the Phocaea family (701).^[4] It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,335 days; semi-major axis of 2.37 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1]

The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1952 QL₁ at Palomar in August 1952, or 36 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[2]

Physical characteristics

Candace is an assumed stony S-type asteroid.^[4]

Rotation period

In April 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Candace was obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 40.7 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=2).^[a]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Candace measures between 6.205 and 8.56 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.087 and 0.4213.^[6][7][8][9]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony members of the Phocaea family of 0.23 and calculates a diameter of 7.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.8.^[4]

Naming

This minor planet was named after American chemist Candace P. Kohl, who has been investigating ancient solar activity through analysis of nuclides in lunar rocks. She has also contributed in the development of dating techniques of cosmic-ray-produced nuclides in Earth surface materials. She is known for her popular astronomy lectures. Citation provided by Kunihiko Nishiizumi (also see 4898 Nishiizumi) at the request of the discoverers.^[2][3][11] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 July 1995 (M.P.C. 25443).^[12]

Notes

1. Pravec (2011) web: rotation period 40.7 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 mag. (CarbH, Modra, Ondr. Observatories; Kusnirak, Pravec) Quality Code of 2. Ondrejov Asteroid Photometry Project. Summary figures at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (4899) Candace and Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounova, L. (2007), (data)