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AL-LAD
Chemical compound (psychedelic drug) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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AL-LAD, or ALLAD, also known as ALLY-LAD or as 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).[3][4] It is taken orally.[1]
The drug interacts with serotonin and dopamine receptors and is known to act as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor similarly to LSD.[5][6][7][8] AL-LAD produces psychedelic-like effects in animals.[7][3][9][10] It is closely structurally related to LSD and to other psychedelic lysergamides such as ETH-LAD and PRO-LAD.[7]
AL-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by 1976.[11] Subsequently, it was described by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines i Have Known And Loved).[1] AL-LAD was encountered as a novel designer recreational drug by 2015.[4][12] The related drugs 1P-AL-LAD, 1cP-AL-LAD, and 1T-AL-LAD are thought to function as prodrugs of AL-LAD and have also been encountered as designer drugs in the 2020s.[13][14][15][16][17]
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Use and effects
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Perspective
In his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin describes the dose range of AL-LAD as 80 to 160 μg and its duration as 6 to 8 hours.[1] In other publications however, Shulgin listed its dose range as 50 to 150 μg.[18][19] A typical or moderate dose may be around 100 μg.[9][18][19] The drug appears to be roughly equipotent with LSD, which has a listed dose range of 50 to 200 μg.[20][18][19][1][21] AL-LAD's duration appears to be shorter than that of LSD, which is said to have a duration of 8 to 12 hours.[1][21][22] The onset of AL-LAD has been reported to be within 15 to 20 minutes, but others reported a slower and more gradual onset building up over a few hours.[1] It has also been reported to have a very long "down-ramp" of effects.[1]
AL-LAD has been described as producing similar effects to LSD and as being "really trippy" similarly, but to lack the "vaguely sinister push" of LSD.[1] In addition, it has been reported to have less visual distortion than LSD.[1] The experience has been described as "simply beautiful".[1] Its effects have been reported to include waves of intensification, no closed-eye visuals to superb mental imagery, mild visual distortion, open-eye visuals including floors melting and patterns on walls and ceilings flowing, some time dilation, separation from surrounding world, loss of contact with body, body feeling "blob-like", feeling stoned, music and erotic enhancement, clear thinking and good interpretation, mental and physical excitation, mood fluctuations, emotional lability, crying, opening up of repressed feelings, and in one case social distance and avoidance.[1] Some individuals specifically reported no fear, panic, or body disturbance.[1]
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Interactions
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
AL-LAD has been found to interact with the serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors and with the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors.[5][6][7][8] It is known to act as a potent full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[8]
The drug was about 3.5-fold more potent than LSD in substituting for LSD in drug discrimination tests in rodents.[7][3][9] Conversely however, AL-LAD was similar in potency to LSD in humans.[20][1] AL-LAD produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects, in rodents.[10][4][9] It was slightly less potent than LSD in producing the head-twitch response in rodents.[9]
Pharmacokinetics
The in-vitro metabolism of AL-LAD has been studied.[23][13]
Chemistry
AL-LAD, also known as 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD or as 6-allyl-6-nor-N,N-diethyllysergamide, is a synthetic substituted lysergamide and a 6-substituted derivative of nor-LSD (LAD).[1]
Detection
AL-LAD does not cause a color change with the Marquis, Mecke or Mandelin reagents,[24] but does cause the Ehrlich's reagent to turn purple because of the presence of the indole moiety in its structure.
Synthesis
The chemical synthesis of AL-LAD has been described.[1] It is starting from nor-LSD as a precursor, using allyl bromide as a reactant.[1]
Analogues
AL-LAD is closely related to other 6-substituted lysergamides such as LSD (METH-LAD), ETH-LAD, PRO-LAD, and MAL-LAD, among others.[1] Ester prodrugs of AL-LAD include 1P-AL-LAD, 1cP-AL-LAD, and 1T-AL-LAD.[13][14][15][16][17]
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History
AL-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by Tetsukichi Niwaguchi and colleagues in 1976.[4][11] Subsequently, it was further studied by Andrew J. Hoffman and David E. Nichols in 1985.[25] Alexander Shulgin described the effects of AL-LAD in humans in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved).[1] The drug was encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe by 2015.[4][12]
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Society and culture
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Legal status
International
AL-LAD is not scheduled by the United Nations' Convention on Psychotropic Substances overcome is legal ever that doesn't be sold for recreational usage, could be sold for medical or research purposes like a research chemical..[26]
Denmark
AL-LAD is illegal in Denmark.[27]
Finland
Listed in a decree of the government's psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market.[28][29]
France
AL-LAD is illegal in France.[30]
Latvia
AL-LAD is possibly illegal in Latvia. Although it isn't specifically scheduled, it may be controlled as an LSD structural analogue due to an amendment made on June 1, 2015.[31]
Sweden
The Riksdag added AL-LAD to Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act under Swedish schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use" ) as of January 26, 2016, published by Medical Products Agency (MPA) in regulation HSLF-FS 2015:35 listed as 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD, AL-LAD, and 6-allyl-N,N-dietyl-9,10-didehydroergolin-8-karboxamid.[32]
Switzerland
AL-LAD is illegal in Switzerland.[33]
United Kingdom
AL-LAD is illegal in the UK. On June 10, 2014 the UK Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) recommended that AL-LAD be specifically named in the UK Misuse of Drugs Act as a class A drug despite not identifying any harm associated with its use.[34] The UK Home office accepted this advice and announced a ban of the substance to be enacted on 6 January 2015 as part of The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2014.
United States
AL-LAD is a Controlled Substance at the federal level in the United States,[35] AL-LAD could be legally considered an analogue of the Schedule I drug LSD, therefore, sales, possession or consumption for recreational not medical nor scientific use could be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act.[36]
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See also
References
External links
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