890s

The 890s decade ran from January 1, 890, to December 31, 899.

890

This section is transcluded from AD 890. (edit | history)

By place

Europe

• The Frankish nobles, who have ruled Provence in anarchy (since 887), declare Louis the Blind (a son of the late usurper King Boso) ruler of Lower Burgundy, at an assembly at Valence.
• The sovereignty of Svatopluk I, ruler (knyaz) of Moravia, is confirmed in Bohemia. Lusatia becomes a part of his kingdom (approximate date).

Britain

• King Alfred the Great begins to commission and undertake a series of translations into Old English, beginning with his own version of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care.
• Lord Æthelred II and Lady Æthelflæd (a daughter of Alfred the Great) of the Mercians found the Priory of St. Oswald in Gloucester (probably originally dedicated to St. Peter).^[1]
• Ohthere of Hålogaland, a Norse Viking seafarer, narrates the story of his travels to Alfred the Great, who arranges for it to be written down.
• King Anarawd ap Rhodri of Gwynedd makes the first ceremonial visit to an English court (that of Alfred the Great).
• King Donald II of Scotland expels the British aristocracy of Strathclyde. They flee south to North Wales.
• The town of Kirby Muxloe (in modern-day Leicestershire) is founded in England (approximate date).

Significant people

• Al-Mu'tamid
• Al-Mu'tadid
• Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
• Charles the Simple

References

1. St Oswald's Priory, English Heritage.
2. Mann III, p. 377.
3. Kreutz 1996, pp. 63–66.
4. Kristó 1996, p. 175.
5. Kirschbaum 2005, p. 29.
6. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 120. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
7. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 121. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
8. Amari 1854, p. 429.
9. Lee Hyun-hee, Park Sung-soo, Yoon Nae-hyun, translated by The Academy of Korean Studies, New History of Korea pp. 263–265, Jimoondang, Paju, 2005. ISBN 89-88095-85-5.
10. Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 130. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
11. Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", The New Cambridge Medieval History, III: c. 900–c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 313–315.
12. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
13. John Haywood (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
14. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 128–130. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
15. John Haywood (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
16. Bianquis 1998, pp. 105–106.
17. "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
18. Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
19. John V.A. Fine, Jr. (1991). A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3.
20. Lajos Gubcsi (2011), Hungary in the Carpathian Basin, p. 7. ISBN 978-963-327-515-3.
21. Longworth, Philip (1997), The making of Eastern Europe: from prehistory to postcommunism (1997 ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, p. 321, ISBN 0-312-17445-4
22. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 132. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
23. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 134. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
24. Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
25. JFine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
26. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
27. Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda Archived February 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.
28. Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 139. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
29. Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 317. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
30. Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages, p. 24.
31. Fine 1991, p. 141.
32. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 139. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
33. Kennedy, Hugh N. (1993). "al-Muʿtaḍid Bi'llāh". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 759–760. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
34. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
35. Madelung, W. (2004). "al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XII: Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8582. ISBN 978-90-04-13974-9.
36. Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", The New Cambridge Medieval History, III: c. 900–c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 313–15.
37. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 142. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
38. AF(B), 900 (p. 141 and n4), with a loss of 20,000 men and many bishops. Corroborated by Liutprand, Antapodosis.
39. Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.

Sources

• Bianquis, Thierry (1998). "Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Ṭūlūn to Kāfūr, 868–969". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–119. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
• Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2005). A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival. Palgrave. ISBN 1-4039-6929-9.
• Kreutz, Barbara M. (1996). Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1587-7.
• Kristó, Gyula (1996). Hungarian History in the Ninth Century. Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. ISBN 978-1-4039-6929-3.