Beta-actin

Actin beta (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee abbreviation ACTB/ACTB) is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified in humans. This is one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. Actins are highly conserved proteins^[5][6] that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.^[7]

ACTB
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3BYH, 3D2U, 3J82, 3LUE
Identifiers
Aliases	ACTB, BRWS1, PS1TP5BP1, Beta-actin, actin, beta, actin beta
External IDs	OMIM: 102630; MGI: 87904; HomoloGene: 110648; GeneCards: ACTB; OMA:ACTB - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7p22.1 Start 5,526,409 bp[1] End 5,563,902 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 G2|5 81.8 cM Start 142,888,870 bp[2] End 142,892,509 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in saphenous vein urethra postcentral gyrus synovial joint orbitofrontal cortex mucosa of ileum Brodmann area 46 nipple vena cava olfactory bulb Top expressed in human fetus vas deferens lateral septal nucleus Gonadal ridge mandibular prominence migratory enteric neural crest cell maxillary prominence ventromedial nucleus abdominal wall medial ganglionic eminence More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding nucleotide binding nitric-oxide synthase binding Tat protein binding structural constituent of cytoskeleton protein binding kinesin binding identical protein binding nucleosomal DNA binding ATP binding Cellular component cytoplasm blood microparticle membrane focal adhesion NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex plasma membrane nucleoplasm cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule extracellular exosome cytoskeleton dense body cortical cytoskeleton cytosol myelin sheath extracellular space Biological process epigenetic maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation substantia nigra development Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis ephrin receptor signaling pathway retina homeostasis vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway platelet aggregation cell junction assembly cytoskeleton organization protein deubiquitination membrane organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 60 11461 Ensembl ENSG00000075624 ENSMUSG00000029580 UniProt P60709 P60710 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001101 NM_007393 RefSeq (protein) NP_001092 NP_031419 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 5.53 – 5.56 Mb Chr 5: 142.89 – 142.89 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Interactions

Actin beta has been shown to interact with SPTBN2.^[8][9] In addition, RNA-binding protein Sam68 was found to interact with the mRNA encoding actin beta, which regulates the synaptic formation of the dendritic spines with its cytoskeletal components.

Actin beta has been shown to activate eNOS, thereby increasing NO production. An eight-amino acid motif (326-333) in eNOS has been shown to mediate the interaction between actin and eNOS.^[10]

Clinical relevance

Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.^[11]

Applications

Actin beta is often used in Western blotting as a loading control, to normalize total protein amounts and check for eventual protein degradation in the samples. Its transcript is also commonly used as a housekeeping gene standard in qPCR. Its molecular weight is approximately 42 kDa.^{[citation needed]}