1668 - Wikiwand

1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1668th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 668th year of the 2nd millennium, the 68th year of the 17th century, and the 9th year of the 1660s decade. As of the start of 1668, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Quick facts

1668 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1668 MDCLXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2421
Armenian calendar	1117 ԹՎ ՌՃԺԷ
Assyrian calendar	6418
Balinese saka calendar	1589–1590
Bengali calendar	1074–1075
Berber calendar	2618
English Regnal year	19 Cha. 2 – 20 Cha. 2
Buddhist calendar	2212
Burmese calendar	1030
Byzantine calendar	7176–7177
Chinese calendar	丁未年 (Fire Goat) 4365 or 4158 — to — 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 4366 or 4159
Coptic calendar	1384–1385
Discordian calendar	2834
Ethiopian calendar	1660–1661
Hebrew calendar	5428–5429
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1724–1725
- Shaka Samvat	1589–1590
- Kali Yuga	4768–4769
Holocene calendar	11668
Igbo calendar	668–669
Iranian calendar	1046–1047
Islamic calendar	1078–1079
Japanese calendar	Kanbun 8 (寛文８年)
Javanese calendar	1590–1591
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4001
Minguo calendar	244 before ROC 民前244年
Nanakshahi calendar	200
Thai solar calendar	2210–2211
Tibetan calendar	མེ་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Fire-Sheep) 1794 or 1413 or 641 — to — ས་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Monkey) 1795 or 1414 or 642

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Events

January–March

January 23 – The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed between England, Sweden and the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
February 13 – In Lisbon, a peace treaty is established between Afonso VI of Portugal and Carlos II of Spain, by mediation of Charles II of England, in which the legitimacy of the Portuguese monarch is recognized. Portugal yields Ceuta to Spain.
c. February – The English Parliament and bishops seek to suppress Thomas Hobbes' treatise Leviathan.^[1]
March 8 – In the Cretan War, the navy of the Republic of Venice defeats an Ottoman Empire naval force of 12 ships and 2,000 galleys that had attempted to seize a small Venetian galley near the port of Agia Pelagia.
March 22 – Notable Privateer Henry Morgan lands in Cuba to raid and plunder the inland town of Puerto del Príncipe during the latter stages of the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660).^[2]
March 23 – The Bawdy House Riots of 1668 take place in London when a group of English Dissenters begins attacking brothels, initially as a protest against the harsh enforcement of laws against private worshippers and the lack of enforcement of laws against prostitution. Over a period of three days, rioters who join in the violence destroy brothels in the London districts of Poplar, Moorfields, East Smithfield, St Leonard's, Shoreditch, St Andrew's and Holborn.
March 27 – King Charles II of England signs an agreement with representatives of the English East India Company to lease the Indian city of Bombay (modern-day Mumbai) to the company for a rent of 10 pounds sterling per year, with transfer taking effect on September 21.

April–June

April 21 – Henry Brouncker is expelled from the English House of Commons for treason during the 1665 Battle of Lowestoft during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
April 22 – Tenzin Dalai Khan is proclaimed as the new Protector King of Tibet by the 5th Dalai Lama, following the death of Tenzin's father, Dayan Khan.
April 24 – The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 and ending the Second Anglo-Dutch War, goes into effect worldwide.
April 25 – The Swedish Empire signs a treaty with England and the Dutch Republic to join the Triple Alliance.
May 2 – The first Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of Devolution.
May 18 – Charles Sedley's comedy The Mulberry-Garden premieres at the Theatre Royal in London.
June 4 – Tangier, a city in Morocco that had come under control of the English colonial empire in 1661, is elevated by the English crown to the status of "free city".
June 12 – John Dryden's play An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer premieres at the Theatre Royal in London in a performance by the King's Company players for King Charles and Queen Catherine.
June 16 – A group of Spanish Jesuit missionaries become the first European settlers to arrive at the island of Guam, founding a mission to convert the Chamorro people of the Mariana Islands to Christianity.
June 18 – Petro Doroshenko is proclaimed by the Russian Empire as the hetman of all of Ukraine, after having previously been granted leadership of the western half. Ivan Briukhovetsky, who had ruled the eastern half and then led an uprising, is executed on the same day.

July–September

July 7 – Bishop Isaac Barrow founds the Bishop Barrow Trust with the intention of establishing a university on the Isle of Man; this becomes King William's College.^[3]
July 10 – Henry Morgan's raid on Porto Bello: Welsh privateer Henry Morgan and 450 men under his command plunder the city of Portobello on the Isthmus of Panama and spend 14-days in the attack before withdrawing.
July 25 – The magnitude 8.5 Shandong earthquake kills at least 43,000 people in China's Shandong province.^[4]^[5]
August 17 – The magnitude 8.0 North Anatolia earthquake causes 8,000 deaths in northern Anatolia, Ottoman Empire, and is the most powerful earthquake recorded in Turkey.^[6]^[7]
September 9 – Molière's comedy The Miser (L'Avare) is first performed, in Paris.
September 16 – Jan II Kazimierz Waza abdicates his titles of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania after a 20-year reign.
September 21 – The British East India Company takes over Bombay under a Royal Charter of March 27.
September 28 – Diego de Salcedo is overthrown from his position as the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines in a coup d'etat led by Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz. Salcedo and other members of his administration are jailed and then sent into exile from Luzon to the island of Panay, and his fortune is confiscated.

October –December

October 5 (September 25 O.S.) – The English blockade of the Moroccan port of Salé begins as HMS Garland and HMS Francis retaliate for raids from the port by the Barbary pirates. The blockade lasts for 10 days.
October 7 – French Jesuit missionary Jean Pierron arrives at the Mohawk Nation city of Tionondogen (near modern-day Palatine, New York, U.S.) to replace Jacques Frémin in attempting to convert members of the Iroquois tribe to Christianity.
October 31 – The English ship HMS Providence is wrecked at Tangier on the North African coast.
November 8 – Iliaș Alexandru steps down as the voivode or elected ruler of Moldavia (now part of Romania and the Republic of Moldova) and is replaced by his predecessor, Gheorghe Duca.
December 6 – The Order of the Jesuati, founded in 1360 by Giovanni Colombini, is abolished by Pope Clement IX.
December 16 – In China, the 1661 edict of the "Great Clearance", the forcible evacuation of the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangnan, and Shandong in order to fight a rebellion, is rescinded by the Kangxi Emperor after lobbying by Zhou Youde, the Viceroy of Liangguang.
December 28 – Fritz Cronman arrives in Moscow as the Swedish Empire's ambassador to the Russian Empire, accompanied by a staff of 35 people.