AMD PowerTune

AMD PowerTune is a series of dynamic frequency scaling technologies built into some AMD GPUs and APUs that allow the clock speed of the processor to be dynamically changed (to different P-states) by software. This allows the processor to meet the instantaneous performance needs of the operation being performed, while minimizing power draw, heat generation and noise avoidance. AMD PowerTune aims to solve thermal design power and performance constraints.^[1]

AMD PowerTune

Design firm	Advanced Micro Devices
Introduced	December 2011
Type	Dynamic frequency scaling

Besides the reduced energy consumption, AMD PowerTune helps to lower the noise levels created by the cooling in desktop computers, and extends battery life in mobile devices. AMD PowerTune is the successor to AMD PowerPlay.^[2]

Support for "PowerPlay" was added to the Linux kernel driver "amdgpu" on November 11, 2015.^[3]

As a lecture from CCC in 2014 shows, AMD's x86-64 SMU firmware is executed on some LatticeMico32 and PowerTune was modeled using Matlab.^[4] This is similar to Nvidia's PDAEMON, the RTOS responsible for power on their GPUs.^[5]

Overview

Architecture of the PowerTune version, that was introduced with GCN1.1-chips, such as the Bonaire

AMD PowerTune was introduced in the TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) with Radeon HD 6900 on 15 December 2010 and has been available in different development stages on Radeon- and AMD FirePro-branded products ever since.

Over the years, reviews which document the development of AMD PowerTune have been published by AnandTech.^[6][7][8][9]

An additional technology named AMD ZeroCore Power has been available since the Radeon HD 7000 series, implementing the Graphics Core Next microarchitecture.

The pointlessness of a fixed clock frequency was accredited in January 2014 by SemiAccurate.^[10]

Operating system support

Support for PowerTune is contained in the Linux kernel device driver amdgpu.

AMD Catalyst is available for Microsoft Windows and Linux and support AMD PowerTune.

The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics device driver has some support for AMD PowerTune, see "Enduro".^[11]

Feature overview for AMD APUs

The following table shows features of AMD's processors with 3D graphics, including APUs (see also: List of AMD processors with 3D graphics).

[ VisualEditor ]

• view
• talk
• edit

Platform			High, standard and low power														Low and ultra-low power
Codename	Server	Basic						Toronto
		Micro																Kyoto
	Desktop	Performance													Raphael	Phoenix
		Mainstream	Llano	Trinity	Richland	Kaveri	Kaveri Refresh (Godavari)	Carrizo	Bristol Ridge	Raven Ridge	Picasso	Renoir	Cezanne
		Entry
		Basic																Kabini				Dalí
	Mobile	Performance										Renoir	Cezanne	Rembrandt	Dragon Range
		Mainstream	Llano	Trinity	Richland	Kaveri		Carrizo	Bristol Ridge	Raven Ridge	Picasso	Renoir Lucienne	Cezanne Barceló			Phoenix
		Entry																				Dalí			Mendocino
		Basic															Desna, Ontario, Zacate	Kabini, Temash	Beema, Mullins	Carrizo-L	Stoney Ridge		Pollock
	Embedded			Trinity		Bald Eagle		Merlin Falcon, Brown Falcon		Great Horned Owl		Grey Hawk					Ontario, Zacate	Kabini	Steppe Eagle, Crowned Eagle, LX-Family		Prairie Falcon	Banded Kestrel		River Hawk
Released			Aug 2011	Oct 2012	Jun 2013	Jan 2014	2015	Jun 2015	Jun 2016	Oct 2017	Jan 2019	Mar 2020	Jan 2021	Jan 2022	Sep 2022	Jan 2023	Jan 2011	May 2013	Apr 2014	May 2015	Feb 2016	Apr 2019	Jul 2020	Jun 2022	Nov 2022
CPU microarchitecture			K10	Piledriver		Steamroller		Excavator	"Excavator+"[12]	Zen	Zen+	Zen 2	Zen 3	Zen 3+	Zen 4		Bobcat	Jaguar	Puma	Puma+[13]	"Excavator+"	Zen		Zen+	"Zen 2+"
ISA			x86-64 v1	x86-64 v2				x86-64 v3							x86-64 v4		x86-64 v1	x86-64 v2			x86-64 v3
Socket	Desktop	Performance	—												AM5	—	—
		Mainstream	—					AM4						—		—
		Entry	FM1	FM2		FM2+		FM2+[a], AM4	AM4					—
		Basic	—														—	AM1	—			FP5	—
	Other		FS1	FS1+, FP2		FP3		FP4		FP5		FP6		FP7	FL1	FP7 FP7r2 FP8	FT1	FT3	FT3b		FP4	FP5	FT5	FP5	FT6
PCI Express version			2.0			3.0								4.0	5.0	4.0	2.0				3.0
CXL			—														—
Fab. (nm)			GF 32SHP (HKMG SOI)			GF 28SHP (HKMG bulk)				GF 14LPP (FinFET bulk)	GF 12LP (FinFET bulk)	TSMC N7 (FinFET bulk)		TSMC N6 (FinFET bulk)	CCD: TSMC N5 (FinFET bulk) cIOD: TSMC N6 (FinFET bulk)	TSMC 4nm (FinFET bulk)	TSMC N40 (bulk)	TSMC N28 (HKMG bulk)	GF 28SHP (HKMG bulk)			GF 14LPP (FinFET bulk)		GF 12LP (FinFET bulk)	TSMC N6 (FinFET bulk)
Die area (mm2)			228	246		245		245	250	210[14]		156	180	210	CCD: (2x) 70 cIOD: 122	178	75 (+ 28 FCH)	107		?	125	149			~100
Min TDP (W)			35	17				12				10		15	65	35	4.5	4	3.95	10	6			12	8
Max APU TDP (W)			100			95		65						45	170	54	18	25					6	54	15
Max stock APU base clock (GHz)			3	3.8	4.1	4.1		3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.3	4.7	4.3	1.75	2.2	2	2.2	3.2	2.6	1.2	3.35	2.8
Max APUs per node[b]			1														1
Max core dies per CPU			1												2	1	1
Max CCX per core die			1									2	1				1
Max cores per CCX			4										8				2	4			2			4
Max CPU[c] cores per APU			4									8			16	8	2	4			2			4
Max threads per CPU core			1							2							1					2
Integer pipeline structure			3+3	2+2						4+2		4+2+1	1+3+3+1+2				1+1+1+1				2+2	4+2			4+2+1
i386, i486, i586, CMOV, NOPL, i686, PAE, NX bit, CMPXCHG16B, AMD-V, RVI, ABM, and 64-bit LAHF/SAHF
IOMMU[d]			—	v2													v1		v2
BMI1, AES-NI, CLMUL, and F16C																	—
MOVBE			—
AVIC, BMI2, RDRAND, and MWAITX/MONITORX																	—
SME[e], TSME[e], ADX, SHA, RDSEED, SMAP, SMEP, XSAVEC, XSAVES, XRSTORS, CLFLUSHOPT, CLZERO, and PTE Coalescing			—														—
GMET, WBNOINVD, CLWB, QOS, PQE-BW, RDPID, RDPRU, and MCOMMIT			—														—
MPK, VAES			—														—
SGX			—														—
FPUs per core			1	0.5						1							1				0.5	1
Pipes per FPU			2														2
FPU pipe width			128-bit									256-bit					80-bit	128-bit							256-bit
CPU instruction set SIMD level			SSE4a[f]	AVX				AVX2							AVX-512		SSSE3	AVX			AVX2
3DNow!			3DNow!+	—													—
PREFETCH/PREFETCHW
GFNI			—														—
AMX			—
FMA4, LWP, TBM, and XOP			—							—							—					—
FMA3
AMD XDNA			—														—
L1 data cache per core (KiB)			64	16				32									32
L1 data cache associativity (ways)			2	4				8									8
L1 instruction caches per core			1	0.5						1							1				0.5	1
Max APU total L1 instruction cache (KiB)			256	128		192				256					512	256	64		128		96	128
L1 instruction cache associativity (ways)			2			3				4		8					2				3	4			8
L2 caches per core			1	0.5						1							1				0.5	1
Max APU total L2 cache (MiB)			4					2				4			16		1	2			1			2
L2 cache associativity (ways)			16							8							16					8
Max on-die L3 cache per CCX (MiB)			—							4			16		32		—						4
Max 3D V-Cache per CCD (MiB)										—					64	—							—
Max total in-CCD L3 cache per APU (MiB)										4		8	16		64								4
Max. total 3D V-Cache per APU (MiB)										—					64	—							—
Max. board L3 cache per APU (MiB)										—													—
Max total L3 cache per APU (MiB)										4		8	16		128								4
APU L3 cache associativity (ways)										16													16
L3 cache scheme										Victim													Victim
Max. L4 cache			—														—
Max stock DRAM support			DDR3-1866		DDR3-2133			DDR3-2133, DDR4-2400	DDR4-2400	DDR4-2933		DDR4-3200, LPDDR4-4266		DDR5-4800, LPDDR5-6400	DDR5-5200	DDR5-5600, LPDDR5x-7500	DDR3L-1333	DDR3L-1600	DDR3L-1866		DDR3-1866, DDR4-2400	DDR4-2400	DDR4-1600	DDR4-3200	LPDDR5-5500
Max DRAM channels per APU			2														1					2	1	2
Max stock DRAM bandwidth (GB/s) per APU			29.866		34.132			38.400		46.932		68.256		102.400	83.200	120.000	10.666	12.800	14.933		19.200	38.400	12.800	51.200	88.000
GPU microarchitecture			TeraScale 2 (VLIW5)	TeraScale 3 (VLIW4)		GCN 2nd gen		GCN 3rd gen		GCN 5th gen[15]				RDNA 2		RDNA 3	TeraScale 2 (VLIW5)	GCN 2nd gen			GCN 3rd gen[15]	GCN 5th gen			RDNA 2
GPU instruction set			TeraScale instruction set			GCN instruction set								RDNA instruction set			TeraScale instruction set	GCN instruction set							RDNA instruction set
Max stock GPU base clock (MHz)			600	800	844	866		1108		1250	1400	2100		2400	400		538	600	?	847	900	1200	600	1300	1900
Max stock GPU base GFLOPS[g]			480	614.4	648.1	886.7		1134.5		1760	1971.2	2150.4		3686.4	102.4		86	?	?	?	345.6	460.8	230.4	1331.2	486.4
3D engine[h]			Up to 400:20:8	Up to 384:24:6		Up to 512:32:8				Up to 704:44:16[16]		Up to 512:32:8		768:48:8	128:8:4		80:8:4	128:8:4			Up to 192:12:8	Up to 192:12:4	192:12:4	Up to 512:?:?	128:?:?
			IOMMUv1			IOMMUv2											IOMMUv1		?		IOMMUv2
Video decoder			UVD 3.0			UVD 4.2		UVD 6.0		VCN 1.0[17]		VCN 2.1[18]	VCN 2.2[18]	VCN 3.1		?	UVD 3.0	UVD 4.0	UVD 4.2		UVD 6.2	VCN 1.0			VCN 3.1
Video encoder			—	VCE 1.0		VCE 2.0		VCE 3.1									—	VCE 2.0			VCE 3.4
AMD Fluid Motion
GPU power saving			PowerPlay	PowerTune													PowerPlay	PowerTune[19]
TrueAudio			—			[20]							?				—
FreeSync						1 2												1 2
HDCP[i]			?			1.4				2.2				2.3			?	1.4				2.2			2.3
PlayReady[i]			—							3.0 not yet							—					3.0 not yet
Supported displays[j]			2–3	2–4				3		3 (desktop) 4 (mobile, embedded)		4					2				3	4		4
/drm/radeon[k][22][11]									—												—
/drm/amdgpu[k][23]			—			[24]											—	[24]

1. For FM2+ Excavator models: A8-7680, A6-7480 & Athlon X4 845.
2. A PC would be one node.
3. An APU combines a CPU and a GPU. Both have cores.
4. Requires firmware support.
5. Requires firmware support.
6. No SSE4. No SSSE3.
7. Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
8. Unified shaders : texture mapping units : render output units
9. To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
10. To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support.^[21] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.
11. DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Feature overview for AMD graphics cards

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

[ VisualEditor ]

• view
• talk
• edit

Name of GPU series	Wonder	Mach	3D Rage	Rage Pro	Rage 128	R100	R200	R300	R400	R500	R600	RV670	R700	Evergreen	Northern Islands		Southern Islands	Sea Islands	Volcanic Islands	Arctic Islands/Polaris	Vega	Navi 1x	Navi 2x	Navi 3x	Navi 4x
Released	1986	1991	Apr 1996	Mar 1997	Aug 1998	Apr 2000	Aug 2001	Sep 2002	May 2004	Oct 2005	May 2007	Nov 2007	Jun 2008	Sep 2009	Oct 2010	Dec 2010	Jan 2012	Sep 2013	Jun 2015	Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019	Jun 2017, Feb 2019	Jul 2019	Nov 2020	Dec 2022	Feb 2025
Marketing Name	Wonder	Mach	3D Rage	Rage Pro	Rage 128	Radeon 7000	Radeon 8000	Radeon 9000	Radeon X700/X800	Radeon X1000	Radeon HD 2000	Radeon HD 3000	Radeon HD 4000	Radeon HD 5000	Radeon HD 6000		Radeon HD 7000	Radeon 200	Radeon 300	Radeon 400/500/600	Radeon RX Vega, Radeon VII	Radeon RX 5000	Radeon RX 6000	Radeon RX 7000	Radeon RX 9000
AMD support
Kind	2D		3D
Instruction set architecture	Not publicly known										TeraScale instruction set						GCN instruction set					RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture	Not publicly known					GFX1		GFX2			TeraScale 1 (VLIW5) (GFX3)			TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) (GFX4)	TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) up to 68xx (GFX4)	TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) in 69xx [25][26] (GFX5)	GCN 1st gen (GFX6)	GCN 2nd gen (GFX7)	GCN 3rd gen (GFX8)	GCN 4th gen (GFX8)	GCN 5th gen (GFX9)	RDNA (GFX10.1)	RDNA 2 (GFX10.3)	RDNA 3 (GFX11)	RDNA 4 (GFX12)
Type	Fixed pipeline[a]						Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines				Unified shader model
Direct3D	—		5.0	6.0		7.0	8.1	9.0 11 (9_2)	9.0b 11 (9_2)	9.0c 11 (9_3)	10.0 11 (10_0)	10.1 11 (10_1)		11 (11_0)			11 (11_1) 12 (11_1)	11 (12_0) 12 (12_0)			11 (12_1) 12 (12_1)		11 (12_1) 12 (12_2)
Shader model	—						1.4	2.0+	2.0b	3.0	4.0	4.1		5.0			5.1	5.1 6.5			6.7				6.8
OpenGL	—			1.1	1.2	1.3		1.5[b][27]			3.3			4.6[28][c]
Vulkan	—															1.1[c][d]	1.3[29]		1.4[30]
OpenCL	—										Close to Metal		1.1 (not supported by Mesa)	1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on Clover, with by Rusticl) with Mesa, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen)				2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+) (on Linux ROCm, Mesa 1.2+ (no Image support in Clover, but in Rusticl with Mesa, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+				2.2+ and 3.0 Windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCm 5.0+ (Mesa Rusticl 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[31][32][33]
HSA / ROCm	—																					?
Video decoding ASIC	—										Avivo/UVD	UVD+	UVD 2	UVD 2.2	UVD 3		UVD 4	UVD 4.2	UVD 5.0 or 6.0	UVD 6.3	UVD 7 [34][e]	VCN 2.0 [34][e]	VCN 3.0 [35]	VCN 4.0	VCN 5.0
Video encoding ASIC	—																VCE 1.0	VCE 2.0	VCE 3.0 or 3.1	VCE 3.4	VCE 4.0 [34][e]
Fluid Motion [f]																								?
Power saving	?										PowerPlay				PowerTune	PowerTune & ZeroCore Power					?
TrueAudio	—																	Via dedicated DSP		Via shaders
FreeSync	—																	1 2
HDCP[g]	—										?							1.4		2.2		2.3 [36]
PlayReady[g]	—																			3.0		3.0
Supported displays[h]						1–2	2							2–6								?			4
Max. resolution	?													2–6 × 2560×1600			2–6 × 4096×2160 @ 30 Hz			2–6 × 5120×2880 @ 60 Hz	3 × 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [37]	7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor		7680x4320 @165 Hz	7680x4320
/drm/radeon[i]																			—
/drm/amdgpu[i]	—																	Optional [38]

1. The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
2. R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
3. OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
4. Vulkan support is theoretically possible but has not been implemented in a stable driver.
5. The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
6. Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
7. To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
8. More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
9. DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

See also

• AMD Cool'n'Quiet (for desktop CPUs)
• AMD PowerNow! (for laptop CPUs)
• AMD Turbo Core (for CPUs)
• AMD PowerXpress (for multi-GPUs)
• Dynamic frequency scaling
• Intel SpeedStep (for CPUs)
• Intel Turbo Boost (for CPUs)