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Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani
Emir of Qatar from 1913 to 1949 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (Arabic: عبد الله بن جاسم بن محمد آل ثاني), also known as Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani or Sheikh Abdullah bin Qassim Al Thani, was the Emir of Qatar from 1913 to 1949.
Oil was discovered in Qatar for the first time during his rule.[1][2][3]
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Biography
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Early life and reign
Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani was born in 1880 in Doha, Qatar's capital city, to Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani. He had eighteen siblings, with him being the 5th eldest.
He came to the throne in 1913. Sheikh Abdullah abdicated in 1940 in favour of his second son, crown prince Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani. When Sheikh Hamad died eight years later, Sheikh Abdullah assumed office once again. He stayed in power until 1949, when he passed the reign to his eldest son, Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani.[4]
Contributions
Ottoman Empire and Great Britain era
- Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire recognised Sheikh Abdullah and his successors' right to rule over the whole of the Qatari Peninsula. The Ottomans renounced all their rights to Qatar and following the outbreak of the First World War; Sheikh Abdullah forced the Ottomans to abandon Doha on 19 August 1915.[1]
Treaties for protection
- On 3 November 1916, Britain, to bring Qatar under its Trucial System of Administration, signed a treaty with Sheikh Abdullah. Sheikh Abdullah agreed not to enter into any relations with any other power without prior consent of the British Government and Percy Zachariah Cox, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, who signed the treaty on behalf of his government, guaranteed the protection of Qatar 'from all aggression by sea'.[1]
- On 5 May 1935, Sheikh Abdullah obtained Britain's agreement for the protection of Qatar from inside as well as any attacks from external forces.[1]
Structures built
- In 1927, Sheikh Abdullah built Al Koot Fort, also known as Doha Fort, in the Al Bidda neighbourhood, in the midst of Souq Waqif, near Doha Corniche, in Doha, the capital city and state of Qatar, to serve as a police station, at the same time, to protect the Souq Waqif from thieves.
- In 1938, Sheikh Abdullah built Al Zubara Fort, in the town of Zubarah, in the Al Shamal municipality, on the northwestern coast of the Qatari peninsula, about 105 km (65 mi) from Doha.
Discovery of oil
- Following British recognition of Sheikh Hamad, the second son of Sheikh Abdullah as the Heir Apparent of Qatar,[1][2][3] Sheikh Abdullah signed the first Oil Concession Agreement with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company on 17 May 1935. Drilling of the first well in Qatar began in October 1938 and the discovery of oil was made at the Dukhan structure in January 1940. However, the oil wells were capped as the Second World War progressed.[1]
- Sheikh Abdullah's last act as ruler was the signing of a Seabed Concession with Central Mining and Investment Corporation Ltd. on 5 August 1949. He died on 25 April 1957.[1]
Appointment of the next emir
Marriage and children
Sheikh Abdullah's first wife was Sheikha Maryam bint Abdullah Al Attiyah. He had a second wife named Sheikha Fatima bint Isa Al Thani, who was a daughter of Sheikh Isa bin Thamer Al Thani, to whom he bore his third son, Sheikh Hassan bin Abdullah Al Thani.[citation needed] In total, Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani had three sons.
- Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani
- Sheikh Hassan bin Abdullah Al Thani
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Retirement and death
In August 1949, Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani abdicated and appointed his eldest son as ruler of the Qatar Peninsula, immediately moving 8.0 km (5 mi) from Doha to an oasis village to retire. He was said to be aging rapidly in body but was still mentally alert. His main complaint was a hardening or stiffening of the joints, or general paralysis of the body. Periodically, the American Mission doctors would treat the sheikh when able, and he also hired his own foreign doctors.[5] He died on 25 April 1957 of natural causes.[1][3]
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See also
References
External links
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