Abu al-Dhahab

Muhammad Abu al-Dhahab (Arabic: محمد أبو الدهب, romanized: muḥammad abū aḏ-ḏahab; 1735–1775), also just called Abu Dhahab (Arabic: أبو الدهب, romanized: abū ḏahab, lit. 'father of gold', a name apparently given to him on account of his generosity and wealth^[1]) was a Mamluk emir and regent of Ottoman Egypt.

Mamluk Campaigns in Egypt and Syria during the times of Ali Bey and Abu Dhahab (1770–75)

Origin

Born in the North Caucasus region of Circassia^[2] or in Abkhazia^[3][4] he was kidnapped and sold to the Mamluk Emir Ali Bey al-Kabir in Egypt. He became Ali Bey's closest and favourite fellow, his most trusted general and even his brother-in-law (according to other sources: son-in-law or adoptive son).

Military career

During the Russo-Turkish War Ali Bey declared Egypt's independence from the Ottoman Empire and attempted to restore the former Mamluk Sultanate which was conquered by the Ottoman Turks 250 years before. On behalf of Ali Bey, Abu Dhahab suppressed a revolt in Upper Egypt (1769), seized the Hejaz (1770) and - allied with the Palestinian emir Zahir al-Umar - conquered large parts of Ottoman Syria . Having taken Damascus from its Ottoman governor Uthman Pasha al-Kurji

Siding with the Ottomans

Abu Al-Dhahab changed sides, choosing to side with the Ottomans against Ali bey, he handed over all the conquered territories to the Ottomans and marched against Cairo. Ali Bey fled to Zahir al-Umar in Acre, and Abu Dhahab became the new Shaykh al-Balad (civil governor) and de facto ruler of Egypt. When Ali Bey came back and tried to restore his position, he was defeated and killed by Abu Dhahab's forces near Cairo (1773).

Palestine campaign

Acting on Ottoman orders Abu Dhahab invaded Palestine to defeat Emir Zahir. He conquered Gaza, Jaffa ^{[citation needed]} and Acre

Death

During his Palestine campaign Abu Al-Dahab suddenly died of the plague. His comrades Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey, the leaders of his Mamluk faction (Abu-Dhahab faction or Muhammadiyya), succeeded him in power.

See also

• Jazzar Pasha (1720/30s – 1804), associate of Abu al-Dhahab in Cairo
• Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab