Acquired hemolytic anemia

Acquired hemolytic anemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolytic anemia.^[1]

Acquired hemolytic anemia
Specialty	Hematology

Classification

Immune

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[1]
  • Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[1]
    • Idiopathic^[2]
    • Linked with primary immunodeficiency/immunodysregulation syndrome.^[2]
    • Lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated.^[2]
    • Secondary to other malignancies.^[2]
    • Associated with SLE or other collagen-vascular disorders.^[2]
    • Secondary to viral infection.^[2]
  • Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[2]
  • Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria^[2]
  • Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[2]
• Alloimmune hemolytic anemia^[1]
  • Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)^[1]
    • Rh disease (Rh D)^[1]
    • ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
    • Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
    • Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
    • Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
    • Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, MN, P and others)^[1]
  • Alloimmune hemolytic blood transfusion reactions (i.e., from a non-compatible blood type)^[1]

Non-immune

• Traumatic hemolytic anemia^[2]
  • Impact^[2]
  • Macrovascular defects-prostheses^[2]
  • Microvascular causes^[2]
    • Disseminated intravascular hemolysis^[2]
    • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura^[2]
    • Typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome^[2]
    • Other microvascular abnormalities
  • Hypersplenism^[2]
  • Hemolytic anemia due to toxic effects on the membrane
    • Spur cell anemia
    • External toxins
      • Animal or spider bites^[2]
      • Metals
      • Organic compounds^[2]
    • Infectious agents
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

History

The term 'acquired hemolytic anemia' originally appeared in the early 1900s.^[3]