Acute visual loss

Loss of visual acuity associated with illness or aging From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Acute visual loss

Acute visual loss is a rapid loss of the ability to see. It is caused by many ocular conditions like retinal detachment, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and giant cell arteritis, etc.

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Acute visual loss
Other namesAcute vision loss
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A Snellen chart, which is frequently used for visual acuity testing
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Main causes

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Retinal detachment

Retinal detachment should be considered if there were preceding flashes or floaters, or if there is a new visual field defect in one eye.[2][3] If treated early enough, retinal tear and detachment can have a good outcome.[2]

Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma should be considered if there is painful loss of vision with a red eye, nausea or vomiting.[4] The eye pressure will be very high typically greater than 40 mmHg.[5] Emergent laser treatment to the iris may prevent blindness.[4]

Macular degeneration

Wet macular degeneration should be considered in older people with new distortion of their vision with bleeding in the macula.[6][7] Vision can often be regained with prompt eye injections with anti-VEGF agents.[6]

Giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis should be considered in an older person with jaw claudication, temporal pain, and tiredness.[8] Placing the person on steroids might save both their vision and decrease their risk of stroke.[9] Without treatment a person can quickly go blind in both eyes.[10]

Vascular occlusions

Vitreous hemorrhage

It is one of the most common causes of acute or subacute decrease in vision. [15]

Hyphema

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye is known as hyphema. Severe hyphema covering pupillary area can cause sudden decrease in vision.

References

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