Adelaide Chemical Works

The Adelaide Chemical Works was a 19th- and early 20th-century chemical and fertiliser manufacturer in metropolitan Adelaide. Established on a 5½-acre site at New Thebarton on 22 July 1882 by industrialist Robert Burns Cuming, the works manufactured sulphuric acid and, from mid-1884, superphosphate for South Australian agriculture; a second works was erected at Port Adelaide in 1900 to handle bulk rock-phosphate cargoes that began arriving in 1901.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Adelaide Chemical Works

Company type	Private
Industry	Chemicals; fertilisers
Founded	22 July 1882
Founder	Robert Burns Cuming
Headquarters	New Thebarton (renamed Torrensville in 1909), South Australia
Area served	South Australia
Products	Sulphuric acid; superphosphate

History

Robert Burns Cuming selected a rectangular 5½-acre site at New Thebarton (renamed Torrensville in 1909) on the River Torrens floodplain, and operations began on 22 July 1882 as South Australia’s first chemical works.^[4][5][6]

Early output centred on sulphuric acid; by mid-1884 the works was producing “bone super” and then rock-phosphate superphosphate.^[7]

Flooding in 1889 prompted a substantial rebuild, culminating in a new brick works whose foundation stone was laid by Mrs. R. B. Cuming on 7 November 1896.^[8][9]

To handle port logistics and rising demand, a second works was erected at Ocean Steamers’ Wharf, Port Adelaide, from early 1900; company offices opened in Currie Street the same year.^[10][11]

The first bulk cargo of Ocean Island rock phosphate for the plant—about 3,350 tons—arrived in November 1901, enabling large-scale manufacture for the State’s wheat and pastoral districts.^[12]

In 1902 the enterprise was registered as the Adelaide Chemical and Fertiliser Company Limited with £50,000 paid-up capital; by 1917 combined output from Torrensville and Port Adelaide was reported at roughly 45,000 tons a year.^[13][14]

Operations were later rationalised through sector mergers, with the company’s records preserved in the Adelaide & Wallaroo Fertilisers (later Wallaroo–Mount Lyell Fertilisers) archive at the State Library of South Australia.^[15]

See also

• Cuming, Smith & Co.
• Adelaide and Wallaroo Fertilisers
• Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company
• CSML
• Fertiliser Industry in Australia