List of demonyms for U.S. states and territories

This is a list of demonyms used to designate the citizens of specific states, federal district, and territories of the United States. Official English-language demonyms are established by the United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO);^[1] however, many other terms are in common use.

Map of state demonyms of the United States colored by suffix

List

Jurisdiction	Recommended by USGPO[1]	Alternatives
		Official	Unofficial	Archaic	Non-English
Alabama	Alabamian		Alabaman[2]
Alaska	Alaskan
American Samoa			American Samoan		Samoan: Amerika Samoa
Arizona	Arizonan		Arizonian[3]		Spanish: arizonense
Arkansas	Arkansan		Arkansasan, Arkansawyer,[4] Arkie[5]
California	Californian			Prune Picker,[6][7][8][9][10][11] Californios	Spanish: Californio, californiano, californiana
Colorado	Coloradan			Coloradoan[12][13]	Spanish: coloradino, coloradina; coloradeño, coloradeña
Connecticut	Connecticuter		Nutmegger[14]
Delaware	Delawarean		Blue Hen's Chicken,[15] Muskrat[15]
District of Columbia	Washingtonian
Florida	Floridian		Alligator,[16] Fly-Up-the-Creek[16]		Spanish: floridiano, floridiana
Georgia	Georgian		Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber[17]
Guam			Guamanian		Chamorro: Tåotåo Guåhån
Hawaii	Hawaii resident		Islander,[18] Kamaʻāina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[19]		Hawaiian: Kamaʻāina
Idaho	Idahoan
Illinois	Illinoisan		Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[20] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[21]
Indiana	Hoosier		Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016)[1]	Indianian[22]
Iowa	Iowan		Hawkeye[23]
Kansas	Kansan		Grasshopper, Jayhawker, Sunflower[24]
Kentucky	Kentuckian		Corncracker,[25] Kentuckyan
Louisiana	Louisianian		Louisianan		French: Louisianais Spanish: luisiano, luisiana
Maine	Mainer		Down Easter or Downeaster,[26] Mainiac,[27] Yankee (rare)
Maryland	Marylander
Massachusetts	Massachusettsan	Bay Stater (official term used by state government) and Citizen of the Commonwealth (identifier used in state law)[28]	Massachusettsian,[29] Massachusite,[30][31] Masshole (derogatory[32] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[33])
Michigan	Michigander[34]	Michigander	Michiganian, Wolverine,[35][36] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[37] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michi-gander")[37]
Minnesota	Minnesotan		Minne
Mississippi	Mississippian
Missouri	Missourian		Missouran		French: Missourien Spanish: misuriano
Montana	Montanan				Spanish: montanés, montanesa
Nebraska	Nebraskan		Cornhuskers[38]	Bugeaters[39]
Nevada	Nevadan				Spanish: Nevadeño, nevadeña, nevadense
New Hampshire	New Hampshirite		New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman, Granite Stater, Granite Boys[40]
New Jersey	New Jerseyan		New Jerseyite
New Mexico	New Mexican				Spanish: neomexicano, neomexicana; neomejicano, neomejicana[41]
New York	New Yorker		Knickerbocker[42][43]		Spanish: neoyorquino, neoyorquina
North Carolina	North Carolinian		Tar Heel, Tar Boiler[44]		Spanish: norcarolino, norcarolina
North Dakota	North Dakotan				Spanish: nordakotense
Northern Mariana Islands			Mariana Islander		Chamorro: Tåotåo Mariånas
Ohio	Ohioan		Buckeye[45]	Ohian[46]
Oklahoma	Oklahoman		Okie,[47] Sooner[48]
Oregon	Oregonian
Pennsylvania	Pennsylvanian		Penn, Quaker, Pennamite[49]		Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsylvanier[50]
Puerto Rico	Puerto Rican		Boricua[51]		Spanish: puertorriqueño, puertorriqueña
Rhode Island	Rhode Islander		Swamp Yankee[52]
South Carolina	South Carolinian		Sandlapper[53]		Spanish: sudcarolino, sudcarolina
South Dakota	South Dakotan				Spanish: sudakotense
Tennessee	Tennessean		Volunteer, Butternut[54]	Big Bender	Spanish: tennesiano, tennesiana
Texas	Texan		Texian (Anglo-Texan, historical),[55] Tejano (Hispano-Texan)	Texican (archaic)	Spanish: texano, texana; tejano, tejana
Utah	Utahn	Utahn[56]	Utahian (extremely rare),[citation needed] Utahan (a common exonym not typically used by Utahns)[57]		Spanish: utaheño, utaheña; yutaheño, yutaheña[58]
Vermont	Vermonter		Woodchuck[59]
Virgin Islands	Virgin Islander
Virginia	Virginian
Washington	Washingtonian
West Virginia	West Virginian		Mountaineer
Wisconsin	Wisconsinite		Badger,[60] Cheesehead,[61][62] Sconnie,[63] Wisconsonian, Wisconsese
Wyoming	Wyomingite		Wyomese,[64] Wyomingian		Spanish: wyominguita[65]

See also

• Geography portal

• List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
• List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
• List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities