Aeonium arboreum

Aeonium arboreum, the tree aeonium,^[2] tree houseleek, or Irish rose,^{[citation needed]} is a succulent, subtropical subshrub in the flowering plant family Crassulaceae.

Tree aeonium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Saxifragales
Family:	Crassulaceae
Genus:	Aeonium
Species:	A. arboreum
Binomial name
Aeonium arboreum (L.) Webb & Berthel.
Synonyms[1]
Aeonium doramae Webb ex A.Berger nom. inval. Aeonium doremae Webb ex Christ Aeonium holochrysum Webb & Berthel. Aeonium manriqueorum Bolle Aeonium rubrolineatum Svent. Aeonium vestitum Svent. Sempervivum arboreum L. Sempervivum urbicum Lindl. nom. illeg.

Description

Aeonium arboreum in a bush setting.

Aeonium arboreum grows as a less branched subshrub and reaches stature heights of up to 2 metres. The more or less upright or ascending, smooth, not net-like patterned stem axes have a diameter of 1 to 3 centimetres.

Their leaves are in flattened rosettes with diameters of 10 to 25 centimetres at the end of the stem axes together. Young leaves are pressed tightly together. The obovate to oblate lanceolate leaf blade is pointed toward its apex and wedge-shaped at the base. It is 130 to 380 mm (5 to 15 in) long, 25 to 115 mm (1 to 4+1⁄2 in) wide and 1.5 to 3 millimetres thick. The green, usually purple-colored, glossy leaf surface is almost bare. The leaf margin is set with curved eyelashes.

The conical to ovate inflorescence has a length of 10 to 25 centimetres and a diameter of 10 to 15 centimetres. The inflorescence stem is 130 to 510 mm (5 to 20 in) long. The flowers sit on a 2-to-12-millimetre-long, slightly fluffy flower stem. Its sepals are also slightly fluff-haired with a pointed top and wedge-shaped base that is smooth and shiny green, red or purple. The yellow, narrow oblong to lanceolate, pointed petals are 5 to 7 millimetres long and 1.5 to 2 millimetres wide. The stamens are bare. It bears rosettes of leaves and large pyramidal panicles of bright yellow flowers in the spring.^[3]

Distribution

The plant is endemic to the western Canary Islands of Tenerife, La Palma, El Hierro, La Gomera and Gran Canaria. The populations found on the Iberian Peninsula, the Moroccan coast and the Mediterranean are likely to be considered neophytes.^[4] In temperate regions it needs to be grown under glass.

Cultivation

Aeonium arboreum grows in sunny or slightly shaded places on weathered volcanic soil.^[5] The purple cultivar 'Zwartkop' ('Schwartzkopf') has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[6] A variegated form is grown as cultivar 'variegatum'.

Subspecies

Three subspecies are accepted.^[7]

• Aeonium arboreum subsp. arboreum – northern and central Gran Canaria
• Aeonium arboreum subsp. holochrysum (H.Y.Liu) Bañares – Canary Islands
• Aeonium arboreum subsp. korneliuslemsii (H.Y.Liu) Dobignard (synonym Aeonium korneliuslemsii H.Y.Liu^[8]) – southwestern Morocco

Gallery

• 
  Inflorescence
• 
  Aeonium arboreum 'Atropurpureum'
• 
  Aeonium arboreum 'Zwartkop'
• 
  Botanical illustration
• 
  Flower close up
• 
  Potted
• 
  Variegated
• 
  Rosette of leaves
• 
  Aeonium arboreum 'Medusa'