American Progress

For the newspaper, see American Progress (newspaper). For the 1937 mural, see Josep Maria Sert.

American Progress is an 1872 painting by John Gast, a Prussian-born painter, printer, and lithographer who lived and worked during the 1870s in Brooklyn, New York. American Progress, an allegory of manifest destiny, was widely disseminated in chromolithographic prints. It is now held by the Autry Museum of the American West in Los Angeles, California.^[1]

American Progress
Artist	John Gast
Year	1872 (1872)
Medium	Oil on canvas
Subject	Manifest destiny, Settler colonialism
Dimensions	11 1/2 in × 15 3/4 in. (29.2 cm × 40 cm)
Location	Autry Museum of the American West, Los Angeles, California
Owner	Autry Museum of the American West
Accession	92.126.1
Website	Exhibit website

Description

The original painting has a size of 11.50 by 15.75 inches (29.2 cm × 40.0 cm). It was commissioned in 1872 by George Crofutt, a publisher of American Western travel guides.

The painting depicts a landscape of North America in the 19th century. The right side of the picture portrays locations on the east coast, which are already settled by Europeans. There, New York City can be seen, along with various ships around the coast of Manhattan. Also illustrated is the Brooklyn Bridge, which started construction just 2 years earlier and would not be completed until 1883 - 11 years later.

in the midpoint of the painting is Columbia, a female personification of the United States. On her head is what Crofutt calls "The Star of the Empire".^{[citation needed]} She lays a telegraph wire with one hand and carries a school book in the other. Columbia represents the movement of "civilization" from the already well-settled East to the much more sparsely populated by Europeans West, leading settlers either on foot or by stagecoach, horseback, Conestoga wagon, wagon train, or riding steam trains.

To the left of the painting is depicted the western part of North America. The landscape is drawn to be much darker than the places already settled by Europeans with large dark clouds hanging over the distant mountains. A herd of American Bison and group of indigenous people can be seen to be running into the dark, away from the approaching people.

In the foreground, Gast depicts a group of settlers, heading West, where a bear appears to growl at them, while behind them stands an already established farm with a person tilling the fields and another herding livestock, representing the Midwest.

Significance

Much of the west was still occupied by Native Americans in 1872; Gast portrays the idea that America was destined to expand to this area as part of Manifest Destiny.^[2]