Amish lethal microcephaly

Amish lethal microcephaly is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by severe microcephaly (small head) from birth, brain hypoplasia (underdeveloped brain), micrognathia (small chin), irritability (at second or third month of age), seizures, problems controlling their body temperature, high levels of alpha-ketogluraic acid in their urine,^[2] and less commonly hepatomegaly (large liver). Babies with this condition typically die when they are 6 months old.^[3][4] This disorder was named after the Amish because it was discovered in Old Order Amish communities in Pennsylvania, where it affects 1 in 500 babies. Additionally, 1 in 11 people in those communities are unaffected carriers of the recessive mutation that causes the disorder. No cases of the disorder have been found outside this population.^[5][6][7]

Amish lethal microcephaly
Other names	Microcephaly, Amish type [1]
Amish letal microcephaly is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	liver, brain and craniofacial abnormalities
Complications	Death
Usual onset	Birth
Duration	affected baby's entire life-span
Causes	Genetic mutation and Founder effect
Differential diagnosis	Microcephaly, Sudden infant death syndrome
Prevention	None
Frequency	1 in 500 babies inside Old Order Amish communities in Pennsylvania

This disorder is caused by mutations in the SLC25A19 gene in chromosome 17q25, it follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern^[8][9]