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Aquia Formation
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The Aquia Formation is a geologic sandstone formation that extends from the upper Chesapeake Bay to the James River near Hopewell, Virginia.[1] It consists of clayey, silty, very shelly, glauconitic sand.[1] Fossil records indicate that this stratigraphic unit was created during the Paleocene.[1]
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The Aquia formation was named for Aquia Creek where it is exposed in cliff faces along the banks.[2]
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Geology
Lithology
When uncovered, it appears dark green to gray-green, argillaceous, with well sorted fine- to medium-grained sand and locally indurated shell beds.[3] It is between 0 and 100 feet thick in Maryland.[3] Quartz and phosphatic pebbles and/or very coarse glauconitic quartz sand mark the base of the unit.[4] A few hard streaks of shells or thin "rock" layers are often reported but appear to be more abundant in the sections south of the James River.[4]
Stratigraphy
The Aquia formation is overlain by the Nanjemoy Formation and overlies the Brightseat Formation.[5]
The Aquia formation is broken down into two members: the lower Piscataway member and upper Paspotansa member.[2]
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Age
The Aquia Formation is thought to be 59.0-55.5 million years old.[2] The Piscataway member is 59–56.25 million years old, and the Paspotansa member is 56–55.5 million years old.[2] This is the Paleocene period.
Older publications describe the Aquia as being of Eocene age.[6]
Fossils
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Vertebrates
Bony fish
Chondrichthyes
Sharks
- Abdounia beaugei[2][7]
- Anomotodon novus[2][8]
- Carcharias hopei[2][8]
- Cretolamna appendiculata[2][8]
- Delpitoscyllium africanum[2]
- Foumtizia abdouni[2]
- Galeorhinus[2]
- Ginglymostoma subafricanum[2]
- Heterodontus lerichei[2]
- Hypotodus verticalis[2]
- Isurolamna inflata[2]
- Megasqualus orpiensis[2]
- Notidanodon loozi[2]
- Odontaspisx loozi[2]
- Orectolobiform[2]
- Otodus obliquus[2][9][8]
- Pachygaleus lefevrei[2]
- Palaeogaleus[2]
- Paleocarcharodon orientalis[2][9][8]
- Paleohypotodus rutoti[2][10]
- Paraorthacodus clarkii[2]
- Physogaleus secundus[11]
- Premontreia subulidens[2]
- Scyliorhinus[2]
- Squalus
- Squatina prima[2]
- Striatolamia macrota[2][8]
- Striatolamia striata[2]
- Triakis[2]
Rays
- Myliobatis[12]
- Burnhamia[2]
- Coupatezia soutersi[2]
- Dasyatis[2]
- Hypolophodon sylvestris[2]
- Ischyodusx sylvestris[2]
Reptiles
Crocodylians
Turtles
Mammals
Mammal fossils are extremely rare.[2]
Birds
Bird fossils are extremely rare.[2]
Molluscs
Gastropods
- Turritella is very common.[2][8][15]
- Pleurotoma potomacensis[16]
Bivalves
Cephalopods
See also
References
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