Archibald Warwick

Archibald Warwick (c. 1769 – 15 October 1798) was a Presbyterian licentiate and member of the United Irishmen from Kircubbin, County Down who was executed for participating in the Irish Rebellion of 1798.^[1][2][3]

Archibald Warwick
Born	c. 1769
Died	15 October 1798 (aged 29) Kircubbin, County Down, Ireland
Cause of death	Executed by hanging
Resting place	Movilla Cemetery, Newtownards
Other names	William Warwick
Alma mater	Glasgow University
Occupation	Licentiate
Organization	Society of the United Irishmen
Religion	Presbyterianism
Church	Presbyterian Church in Ireland
Congregations served	Kircubbin Presbyterian Church
Military career
Allegiance	United Irishmen
Unit	Lower Ards contingent
Conflicts	Irish Rebellion of 1798 Attack on Portaferry

Early life

Archibald Warwick was the son of John Warwick and Elizabeth Gordon.^[4] His family were all from Loughriscouse outside Newtownards, County Down.^[5]

Warwick attended Glasgow University, where liberal Presbyterian Francis Hutcheson instilled students with a liberal, democratic and anti-slavery philosophy.^[6]

At the outbreak of the 1798 rebellion, Warwick was a probationer training to be a Presbyterian Minister, and while awaiting to assigned to a parish was a licentiate at Kircubbin Presbyterian Church.^[1][7][8]

1798 Rebellion

Warwick and other clergymen such as James Porter, Thomas Ledlie Birch, and William Steele Dickson became key figures in the United Irishmen.^[9][10] Warwick was the leader of the Lower Ards contingent of the United Irishmen.^[11] Warwick, having raised a force at Kircubbin and Innishargie, led an attack on the Yeomanry garrison in Portaferry on 10 June 1798, which was that was repulsed through musket fire and canon fire from an anchored revenue cutter in the Strangford Lough.^[12][13] Following the attack they retreated to their camp at Inishargie, with the Portaferry garrison later also retreating across the lough to Strangford and then Downpatrick after having deemed their position to be untenable.^[13]

Like others in the United Irishmen,^[14] Warwick denounced Lord Castlereagh and his father, as "renegade apostates", asserting that they betrayed their liberal beginnings and philosophy by assisting in suppressing the rebellion.^[15]

Death and legacy

Following the rebellion, Warwick's name (mistakenly prefixed with reverend by authorities) appeared among the most wanted of the rebels, and a month after the end of the rebellion he was captured. On 15 August 1798, Warwick was brought before a court-martial, and despite weak and contradictory evidence, was convicted of ‘acting as a traitor and rebel and endeavouring to excite treason and rebellion in Ireland’.^{[2][16][17][18]} Warwick's death sentence was not carried out immediately, with him being imprisoned instead in Newtownards Gaol for 2 months, raising expectations that he may be given a reprieve.^[2] On 15 October 1798, he was publicly executed by hanging in Kircubbin beside the Presbyterian Meeting House.^[1][2][19] His execution in front of his congregation was to stand as a warning against further rebellion in the Ards peninsula.^{[citation needed]} Warwick was one of seven licentiates to be found guilty of treason,^[20] and one of two probationers to receive capital punishment.^[2][21][22]

He is buried in Movilla cemetery in Newtownards.^[1][5][23]

Warwick is sometimes erroneously referred to as William or James Warwick due to errors in historical publications or accounts.^[2] The character of William Warwick in W. G. Lyttle's Betsy Gray (about the folklore figure) is based on Archibald Warwick.^[24][25] Warwick's execution also appeared in Florence Wilson’s much-recited poem ‘The Man from God Knows Where’.^[2][26]