Arius (fish)

Arius is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Ariidae. The genus Arius is distributed in brackish and fresh waters of Eastern Africa and east to Southeast Asia.^[1]

Arius Temporal range: Campanian–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Arius arius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Ariidae
Subfamily:	Ariinae
Genus:	Arius Valenciennes in G. Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840
Type species
Pimelodus arius Hamilton, 1822
Species
See text
Synonyms
?Ariodes Müller & Troschel, 1849 Pseudarius Bleeker, 1862

Defining the limits so that Arius can form a natural grouping has always been a problem. The genus was never properly defined, and many species previously classified in Arius are now in other genera. Recent authors have recognized this genus as nonmonophyletic, rejecting that the genus is a natural grouping. Two unnamed groups are distinguished by accessory tooth plates, which are either very elongated and bearing molar-like teeth, or are oval shaped or subtriangular and bearing acicular (needle-like) or conic teeth.^[1] A. jatius lacks these tooth plates, but has been included in this genus based on its adipose fin and lateral line.^[1] The recognition of Ariodes as a junior synonym of Arius is tentative and needs to be further investigated.^[1]

Arius species have three pairs of barbels, including the fleshy and cylindrical maxillary barbels and two pairs of mental barbels. The base of the adipose fin is moderately long, about half the length of the base of the anal fin.^[1]

Species

Currently, 23 living species are recognized for this genus.^[2]

• Arius acutirostris F. Day, 1877
• Arius africanus Günther, 1867 (African sea catfish)
• Arius arenarius (J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1849) (sand catfish)
• Arius arius (F. Hamilton, 1822) (threadfin sea catfish)
• Arius brunellii Zolezzi, 1939
• Arius cous Hyrtl, 1859
• Arius dispar Herre, 1926 (fleshysnout catfish)
• Arius festinus H. H. Ng & Sparks, 2003
• Arius gagora (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Gagora catfish)
• Arius gigas Boulenger, 1911 (giant sea catfish)
• Arius jella F. Day, 1877 (blackfin sea catfish)
• Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker, 1849
• Arius macracanthus Günther, 1864
• Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792) (spotted catfish)
• Arius madagascariensis Vaillant, 1894 (Madagascar sea catfish)
• Arius malabaricus F. Day, 1877
• Arius manillensis Valenciennes, 1840 (Manila sea catfish)
• Arius microcephalus Bleeker, 1855 (squirrelheaded catfish)
• Arius nudidens M. C. W. Weber, 1913
• Arius oetik Bleeker, 1846
• Arius subrostratus Valenciennes, 1840 (shovelnose sea catfish)
• Arius sumatranus (Anonymous, referred to E. T. Bennett, 1830) (goat catfish)
• Arius uncinatus H. H. Ng & Sparks, 2003
• Arius venosus Valenciennes, 1840 (veined catfish)

In addition, a fairly extensive fossil record exists, encompassing several species, but mainly represented by otoliths.

• †Arius fraasi Peyer, 1928 - Eocene of Egypt (Mokattam Formation)^[3]
• †Arius kutchensis Rao, 1956 - Eocene of Gujarat, India^[4]