Associate justice |
Replacing |
Date confirmed (Vote) |
Tenure[a] |
Appointed by |
Prior position[b] |
1 |
 |
John Rutledge |
(new seat) |
September 26, 1789 (Acclamation) |
February 15, 1790 – March 4, 1791 (Resigned)[c] |
George Washington |
31st governor of South Carolina (1779–1782) |
2 |
 |
William Cushing[d] |
(new seat) |
September 26, 1789 (Acclamation) |
February 2, 1790 – September 13, 1810 (Died) |
Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court (1777–1789) |
3 |
 |
James Wilson |
(new seat) |
September 26, 1789 (Acclamation) |
October 5, 1789 – August 21, 1798 (Died) |
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) |
4 |
 |
John Blair |
(new seat) |
September 26, 1789 (Acclamation) |
February 2, 1790 – October 25, 1795 (Resigned) |
Member of the Virginia House of Burgesses (1766–1770) |
5 |
 |
James Iredell |
(new seat) |
February 10, 1790 (Acclamation) |
May 12, 1790 – October 20, 1799 (Died) |
2nd attorney general of North Carolina (1779–1782) |
6 |
 |
Thomas Johnson |
J. Rutledge |
November 7, 1791 (Acclamation) |
September 19, 1791[e] – January 16, 1793 (Resigned) |
1st governor of Maryland (1777–1779) |
7 |
 |
William Paterson |
T. Johnson |
March 4, 1793 (Acclamation) |
March 11, 1793 – September 8, 1806 (Died) |
2nd governor of New Jersey (1790–1793) |
8 |
 |
Samuel Chase[f] |
Blair |
January 27, 1796 (Acclamation) |
February 4, 1796 – June 19, 1811 (Died) |
Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court (1791–1796) |
9 |
 |
Bushrod Washington |
Wilson |
December 20, 1798 (Acclamation) |
November 9, 1798[e] – November 26, 1829 (Died) |
John Adams |
Delegate to the Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788) |
10 |
 |
Alfred Moore |
Iredell |
December 9, 1799 (Acclamation) |
April 21, 1800 – January 26, 1804 (Resigned) |
3rd attorney general of North Carolina (1782–1791) |
11 |
 |
William Johnson |
Moore |
March 24, 1804 (Acclamation) |
May 7, 1804 – August 4, 1834 (Died) |
Thomas Jefferson |
Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1798–1800) |
12 |
 |
Henry Brockholst Livingston |
Paterson |
December 17, 1806 (Acclamation) |
January 20, 1807[e] – March 18, 1823 (Died) |
Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1802–1807) |
13 |
 |
Thomas Todd |
(new seat) |
March 2, 1807 (Acclamation) |
March 4, 1807 – February 7, 1826 (Died) |
Chief Justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals (1806–1807) |
14 |
 |
Gabriel Duvall |
Chase |
November 18, 1811 (Acclamation) |
November 23, 1811 – January 12, 1835 (Resigned) |
James Madison |
U.S. representative for Maryland's 2nd district (1794–1796) |
15 |
 |
Joseph Story |
Cushing |
November 18, 1811 (Acclamation) |
February 3, 1812 – September 10, 1845 (Died) |
U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 2nd district (1808–1809) |
16 |
 |
Smith Thompson |
Livingston |
December 9, 1823 (Acclamation) |
September 1, 1823[e] – December 18, 1843 (Died) |
James Monroe |
6th United States secretary of the Navy (1819–1823) |
17 |
 |
Robert Trimble |
Todd |
May 9, 1826 (25–5) |
June 16, 1826 – August 25, 1828 (Died) |
John Quincy Adams |
Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kentucky (1817–1826) |
18 |
 |
John McLean |
Trimble |
March 7, 1829 (Acclamation) |
March 12, 1829 – April 4, 1861 (Died) |
Andrew Jackson |
6th United States postmaster general (1823–1829) |
19 |
 |
Henry Baldwin |
Washington |
January 6, 1830 (41–2) |
January 18, 1830 – April 21, 1844 (Died) |
U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 14th district (1817–1822) |
20 |
 |
James Moore Wayne |
W. Johnson |
January 9, 1835 (Acclamation) |
January 14, 1835 – July 5, 1867 (Died) |
U.S. representative for Georgia's at-large district (1829–1835) |
21 |
 |
Philip P. Barbour |
Duvall |
March 15, 1836 (30–11) |
May 12, 1836 – February 25, 1841 (Died) |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1830–1836) |
22 |
 |
John Catron |
(new seat) |
March 8, 1837 (28–15) |
May 1, 1837 – May 30, 1865 (Died) |
Judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court of Errors and Appeals (1824–1834) |
23 |
 |
John McKinley |
(new seat) |
September 25, 1837 (Acclamation) |
January 9, 1838[e] – July 19, 1852 (Died) |
Martin Van Buren |
United States senator from Alabama (1826–1831, 1837) |
24 |
 |
Peter Vivian Daniel |
Barbour |
March 2, 1841 (25–5) |
January 10, 1842 – May 31, 1860 (Died) |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1836–1841) |
25 |
 |
Samuel Nelson |
Thompson |
February 14, 1845 (Acclamation) |
February 27, 1845 – November 28, 1872 (Retired) |
John Tyler |
Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1831–1845) |
26 |
 |
Levi Woodbury |
Story |
January 31, 1846 (Acclamation) |
September 23, 1845[e] – September 4, 1851 (Died) |
James K. Polk |
13th United States secretary of the treasury (1834–1841) |
27 |
 |
Robert Cooper Grier |
Baldwin |
August 4, 1846 (Acclamation) |
August 10, 1846 – January 31, 1870 (Retired) |
Judge for the Pennsylvania state District Court for Allegheny County (1833–1846) |
28 |
 |
Benjamin Robbins Curtis |
Woodbury |
December 20, 1851 (Acclamation) |
October 10, 1851[e] – September 30, 1857 (Resigned) |
Millard Fillmore |
Massachusetts state representative |
29 |
 |
John Archibald Campbell |
McKinley |
March 22, 1853 (Acclamation) |
April 11, 1853 – April 30, 1861 (Resigned) |
Franklin Pierce |
Alabama state representative |
30 |
 |
Nathan Clifford |
Curtis |
January 12, 1858 (26–23) |
January 21, 1858 – July 25, 1881 (Died) |
James Buchanan |
19th United States attorney general (1846–1848) |
31 |
 |
Noah Haynes Swayne |
McLean |
January 24, 1862 (38–1) |
January 27, 1862 – January 24, 1881 (Retired) |
Abraham Lincoln |
U.S. attorney for the District of Ohio (1830–1834) |
32 |
 |
Samuel Freeman Miller |
Daniel |
July 16, 1862 (Acclamation) |
July 21, 1862 – October 13, 1890 (Died) |
Lawyer, Private practice |
33 |
 |
David Davis |
Campbell |
December 8, 1862 (Acclamation) |
December 10, 1862[e] – March 3, 1877 (Resigned) |
Judge of the Illinois 3rd Circuit Court (1848–1862) |
34 |
 |
Stephen Johnson Field |
(new seat) |
March 10, 1863 (Acclamation) |
May 20, 1863 – December 1, 1897 (Retired) |
5th chief justice of California (1859–1863) |
35 |
 |
William Strong |
Grier |
February 18, 1870 (Acclamation) |
March 14, 1870 – December 14, 1880 (Retired) |
Ulysses S. Grant |
U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 9th district (1847–1851) |
36 |
 |
Joseph P. Bradley |
(new seat) |
March 21, 1870 (46–9) |
March 23, 1870 – January 22, 1892 (Died) |
Lawyer, Private practice |
37 |
 |
Ward Hunt |
Nelson |
December 11, 1872 (Acclamation) |
January 9, 1873 – January 27, 1882 (Retired) |
Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals (1868–1872) |
38 |
 |
John Marshall Harlan |
Davis |
December 10, 1877 (Acclamation) |
November 29, 1877 – October 14, 1911 (Died) |
Rutherford B. Hayes |
14th attorney general of Kentucky (1863–1867) |
39 |
 |
William Burnham Woods |
Strong |
December 21, 1880 (39–8) |
January 5, 1881 – May 14, 1887 (Died) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (1869–1880) |
40 |
 |
Stanley Matthews |
Swayne |
May 12, 1881 (24–23) |
May 17, 1881 – March 22, 1889 (Died) |
James A. Garfield |
United States senator from Ohio (1877–1879) |
41 |
 |
Horace Gray |
Clifford |
December 20, 1881 (51–5) |
January 9, 1882 – September 15, 1902 (Died) |
Chester A. Arthur |
Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (1873–1881) |
42 |
 |
Samuel Blatchford |
Hunt |
March 22, 1882 (Acclamation) |
April 3, 1882 – July 7, 1893 (Died) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1878–1882) |
43 |
 |
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II |
Woods |
January 16, 1888 (32–28) |
January 18, 1888 – January 23, 1893 (Died) |
Grover Cleveland |
16th United States secretary of the interior (1885–1888) |
44 |
 |
David Josiah Brewer |
Matthews |
December 18, 1889 (53–11) |
January 6, 1890 – March 28, 1910 (Died) |
Benjamin Harrison |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1884–1889) |
45 |
 |
Henry Billings Brown |
Miller |
December 29, 1890 (Acclamation) |
January 5, 1891 – May 28, 1906 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1875–1890) |
46 |
 |
George Shiras Jr. |
Bradley |
July 26, 1892 (Acclamation) |
October 10, 1892 – February 23, 1903 (Retired) |
Lawyer, Private practice |
47 |
 |
Howell Edmunds Jackson |
L. Lamar |
February 18, 1893 (Acclamation) |
March 4, 1893 – August 8, 1895 (Died) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1891–1893) |
48 |
 |
Edward Douglass White |
Blatchford |
February 19, 1894 (Acclamation) |
March 12, 1894 – December 18, 1910 (Continued as chief justice)[g] |
Grover Cleveland |
United States senator from Louisiana (1891–1894) |
49 |
 |
Rufus W. Peckham |
H. Jackson |
December 9, 1895 (Acclamation) |
January 6, 1896 – October 24, 1909 (Died) |
Associate Judge of the New York Court of Appeals |
50 |
 |
Joseph McKenna |
Field |
January 21, 1898 (Acclamation) |
January 26, 1898 – January 5, 1925 (Retired) |
William McKinley |
42nd United States attorney general (1897–1898) |
51 |
 |
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. |
Gray |
December 4, 1902 (Acclamation) |
December 8, 1902 – January 12, 1932 (Retired) |
Theodore Roosevelt |
Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (1899–1902) |
52 |
 |
William R. Day |
Shiras |
February 23, 1903 (Acclamation) |
March 2, 1903 – November 13, 1922 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1899–1903) |
53 |
 |
William Henry Moody |
Brown |
December 12, 1906 (Acclamation) |
December 17, 1906 – November 20, 1910 (Retired) |
45th United States attorney general (1904–1906) |
54 |
 |
Horace Harmon Lurton |
Peckham |
December 20, 1909 (Acclamation) |
January 3, 1910 – July 12, 1914 (Died) |
William Howard Taft |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1893–1909) |
55 |
 |
Charles Evans Hughes |
Brewer |
May 2, 1910 (Acclamation) |
October 10, 1910 – June 10, 1916 (Resigned)[h] |
36th governor of New York (1907–1910) |
56 |
 |
Willis Van Devanter |
E. White |
December 15, 1910 (Acclamation) |
January 3, 1911 – June 2, 1937 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1903–1910) |
57 |
 |
Joseph Rucker Lamar |
Moody |
December 15, 1910 (Acclamation) |
January 3, 1911 – January 2, 1916 (Died) |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia (1901–1905) |
58 |
 |
Mahlon Pitney |
J. Harlan |
March 13, 1912 (50–26) |
March 18, 1912 – December 31, 1922 (Resigned) |
U.S. representative for New Jersey's 4th district (1895–1899) |
59 |
 |
James Clark McReynolds |
Lurton |
August 29, 1914 (44–6) |
October 12, 1914 – January 31, 1941 (Retired) |
Woodrow Wilson |
48th United States attorney general (1913–1914) |
60 |
 |
Louis Brandeis |
J. Lamar |
June 1, 1916 (47–22) |
June 5, 1916 – February 13, 1939 (Retired) |
Lawyer, Private practice: Brandeis Dunbar & Nutter[15] |
61 |
 |
John Hessin Clarke |
Hughes |
July 24, 1916 (Acclamation) |
October 9, 1916 – September 5, 1922 (Resigned) |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (1914–1916) |
62 |
 |
George Sutherland |
Clarke |
September 5, 1922 (Acclamation) |
October 2, 1922 – January 17, 1938 (Retired) |
Warren G. Harding |
United States senator from Utah (1905–1917) |
63 |
 |
Pierce Butler |
Day |
December 21, 1922 (61–8) |
January 2, 1923 – November 16, 1939 (Died) |
President of the Minnesota State Bar Association |
64 |
 |
Edward Terry Sanford |
Pitney |
January 29, 1923 (Acclamation) |
February 19, 1923 – March 8, 1930 (Died) |
Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (1908–1923) |
65 |
 |
Harlan F. Stone |
McKenna |
February 5, 1925 (71–6) |
March 2, 1925 – July 3, 1941 (Continued as chief justice)[i] |
Calvin Coolidge |
52nd United States attorney general (1924–1925) |
66 |
 |
Owen Roberts |
Sanford |
May 20, 1930 (Acclamation) |
June 2, 1930 – July 31, 1945 (Resigned) |
Herbert Hoover |
Assistant District Attorney for Philadelphia |
67 |
 |
Benjamin N. Cardozo |
Holmes |
February 24, 1932 (Acclamation) |
March 14, 1932 – July 9, 1938 (Died) |
Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals (1927–1932) |
68 |
 |
Hugo Black |
Van Devanter |
August 17, 1937 (63–16) |
August 19, 1937 – September 17, 1971 (Retired) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt |
United States senator from Alabama (1927–1937) |
69 |
 |
Stanley Forman Reed |
Sutherland |
January 25, 1938 (Acclamation) |
January 31, 1938 – February 25, 1957 (Retired) |
22nd United States solicitor general (1935–1938) |
70 |
 |
Felix Frankfurter |
Cardozo |
January 17, 1939 (Acclamation) |
January 30, 1939 – August 28, 1962 (Retired) |
Chairman of Harvard Law School |
71 |
 |
William O. Douglas |
Brandeis |
April 4, 1939 (62–4) |
April 17, 1939 – November 12, 1975 (Retired) |
3rd chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1937–1939) |
72 |
 |
Frank Murphy |
Butler |
January 16, 1940 (Acclamation) |
February 5, 1940 – July 19, 1949 (Died) |
56th United States attorney general (1939–1940) |
73 |
 |
James F. Byrnes |
McReynolds |
June 12, 1941 (Acclamation) |
July 8, 1941 – October 3, 1942 (Resigned) |
United States senator from South Carolina (1931–1941) |
74 |
 |
Robert H. Jackson |
Stone |
July 7, 1941 (Acclamation) |
July 11, 1941 – October 9, 1954 (Died) |
57th United States attorney general (1940–1941) |
75 |
 |
Wiley Blount Rutledge |
Byrnes |
February 8, 1943 (Acclamation) |
February 15, 1943 – September 10, 1949 (Died) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1939–1943) |
76 |
 |
Harold Hitz Burton |
Roberts |
September 19, 1945 (Acclamation) |
October 1, 1945 – October 13, 1958 (Retired) |
Harry S. Truman |
United States senator from Ohio (1941–1945) |
77 |
 |
Tom C. Clark |
Murphy |
August 18, 1949 (73–8) |
August 24, 1949 – June 12, 1967 (Retired) |
59th United States attorney general (1945–1949) |
78 |
 |
Sherman Minton |
W. Rutledge |
October 12, 1949 (48–16) |
October 12, 1949 – October 15, 1956 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (1941–1949) |
79 |
 |
John Marshall Harlan |
R. Jackson |
March 16, 1955 (71–11) |
March 28, 1955 – September 23, 1971 (Retired) |
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1954–1955) |
80 |
 |
William J. Brennan Jr. |
Minton |
March 19, 1957 (Acclamation) |
October 15, 1956[e] – July 20, 1990 (Retired) |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey (1951–1956) |
81 |
 |
Charles Evans Whittaker |
Reed |
March 19, 1957 (Acclamation) |
March 25, 1957 – March 31, 1962 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1956–1957) |
82 |
 |
Potter Stewart |
Burton |
May 5, 1959 (70–17) |
October 14, 1958[e] – July 3, 1981 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1954–1958) |
83 |
 |
Byron White |
Whittaker |
April 11, 1962 (Acclamation) |
April 16, 1962 – June 28, 1993 (Retired) |
John F. Kennedy |
4th United States deputy attorney general (1961–1962) |
84 |
 |
Arthur Goldberg |
Frankfurter |
September 25, 1962 (Acclamation) |
October 1, 1962 – July 26, 1965 (Resigned) |
9th United States secretary of labor (1961–1962) |
85 |
 |
Abe Fortas |
Goldberg |
August 11, 1965 (Acclamation) |
October 4, 1965 – May 14, 1969 (Resigned) |
Lyndon B. Johnson |
United States under secretary of the interior |
86 |
 |
Thurgood Marshall |
Clark |
August 30, 1967 (69–11) |
October 2, 1967 – October 1, 1991 (Retired) |
32nd solicitor general of the United States (1965–1967) |
87 |
 |
Harry Blackmun |
Fortas |
May 12, 1970 (94–0) |
June 9, 1970 – August 3, 1994 (Retired) |
Richard Nixon |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1959–1970) |
88 |
 |
Lewis F. Powell Jr. |
Black |
December 6, 1971 (89–1) |
January 7, 1972 – June 26, 1987 (Retired) |
President of the American Bar Association (1964–1965) |
89 |
 |
William Rehnquist |
J. Harlan II |
December 10, 1971 (68–26) |
January 7, 1972 – September 26, 1986 (Continued as chief justice)[j] |
United States assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel (1969–1971) |
90 |
 |
John Paul Stevens |
Douglas |
December 17, 1975 (98–0) |
December 19, 1975 – June 29, 2010 (Retired) |
Gerald Ford |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (1970–1975) |
91 |
 |
Sandra Day O'Connor |
Stewart |
September 21, 1981 (99–0) |
September 25, 1981 – January 31, 2006 (Retired) |
Ronald Reagan |
Judge of the Arizona Court of Appeals (1979–1981) |
92 |
 |
Antonin Scalia |
Rehnquist |
September 17, 1986 (98–0) |
September 26, 1986 – February 13, 2016 (Died) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1982–1986) |
93 |
 |
Anthony Kennedy |
Powell |
February 3, 1988 (97–0) |
February 18, 1988 – July 31, 2018 (Retired) |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1975–1988) |
94 |
 |
David Souter |
Brennan |
October 2, 1990 (90–9) |
October 9, 1990 – June 29, 2009 (Retired) |
George H. W. Bush |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1990) |
95 |
 |
Clarence Thomas |
Marshall |
October 15, 1991 (52–48) |
October 23, 1991 – Incumbent |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1990–1991) |
96 |
 |
Ruth Bader Ginsburg |
B. White |
August 3, 1993 (96–3) |
August 10, 1993 – September 18, 2020 (Died) |
Bill Clinton |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1980–1993) |
97 |
 |
Stephen Breyer |
Blackmun |
July 29, 1994 (87–9) |
August 3, 1994 – June 30, 2022 (Retired) |
Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1990–1994) |
98 |
 |
Samuel Alito |
O'Connor |
January 31, 2006 (58–42) |
January 31, 2006 – Incumbent |
George W. Bush |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1990–2006) |
99 |
 |
Sonia Sotomayor |
Souter |
August 6, 2009 (68–31) |
August 8, 2009 – Incumbent |
Barack Obama |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1998–2009) |
100 |
 |
Elena Kagan |
Stevens |
August 5, 2010 (63–37) |
August 7, 2010 – Incumbent |
45th solicitor general of the United States (2009–2010) |
101 |
 |
Neil Gorsuch |
Scalia |
April 7, 2017 (54–45) |
April 10, 2017 – Incumbent |
Donald Trump |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (2006–2017) |
102 |
 |
Brett Kavanaugh |
Kennedy |
October 6, 2018 (50–48) |
October 6, 2018 – Incumbent |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2006–2018) |
103 |
 |
Amy Coney Barrett |
Ginsburg |
October 26, 2020 (52–48) |
October 27, 2020 – Incumbent |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2017–2020) |
104 |
 |
Ketanji Brown Jackson |
Breyer |
April 7, 2022 (53–47) |
June 30, 2022 – Incumbent |
Joe Biden |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2021–2022) |