Athalaric

For the son of the Emperor Heraclius, see John Athalarichos.

Athalaric (Latin: Athalaricus; c. 516 – 2 October 534) was the king of the Ostrogoths in Italy between 526 and 534. He was a son of Eutharic and Amalasuintha, the youngest daughter of Theodoric the Great,^[2] whom Athalaric succeeded as king in 526.^[3] Athalaric was described to live a hedonistic lifestyle by Procopius of Caesarea.^[4] His mother managed the kingdom during his reign, and he died as a teenager.^[5]

Athalaric
Detail of the consular diptych of Rufus Gennadius Probus Orestes, showing Athalaric, c. 530. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.[1]
King of the Ostrogoths
Reign	526 – 534
Predecessor	Theodoric the Great
Successor	Amalasuintha
Regent	Amalasuintha
Born	c. 516
Died	2 October 534(534-10-02) (aged 17–18)
Dynasty	Amal
Father	Eutharic
Mother	Amalasuintha

Life

Athalaric's grandfather was Theodoric the Great (470–526). His area of rule encompassed Italy, southern Spain, southern France, and the western Balkans.^[6] Theodoric died in 526,^[6] when Athalaric became his successor.^[5]

Athalaric was about ten years old, so his mother, Amalasuintha, held all the real power, which allowed her to make decisions about the kingdom's politics and negotiate with foreign rulers like Justinian I, at least within the 530s.^[7]: 39 For example, around 533, she had Emperor Justinian protect the Ostrogothic Kingdom.^[7]: 187

Amalasuintha also controlled the type of education Athalaric would undergo. According to Procopius, the Goth aristocracy desired Athalaric to be raised in Gothic, but Amalasuintha wanted him to resemble the Roman rulers.^[8] Amalasuintha adhered to Roman learning and customs that were especially objectionable to other Goths, as they saw it as cowardly and submissive.^[7]: 97 Eventually, Amalasuintha was forced to accept the will of her fellow Goths by allowing Athalaric to spend time with other boys around his age. It is not clear how effective his Roman education was.^[7]: 100 It is also unknown who his Gothic teacher was, but generally, the Gothic aristocracy in the palace exerted fierce pressure on the monarchy and focused on military education instead of grammar and rhetoric, which would be done in Roman education.^{[7]: 97–8}

Athalaric drank heavily and indulged in vicious excesses, which ruined his constitution.^[3] After a large party in 533, rumors spread that Athalaric was ill.^[7]: 119 Athalaric's condition worsened, and he died later in October of 534, probably from a combination of excessive drinking and disease, probably diabetes.^[5]

In 1838, a burial was discovered in the hills of Bologna and the corpse was attributed to Athalaric by numismatist Filippo Schiassi. The skull was donated by archbishop Carlo Oppizzoni to physicist Luigi Calori and is now on display at the Anatomical Wax Museum of Bologna, while the rest of the skeleton was reburied in a now-lost location. A modern analysis has attributed the skull to a 50-year-old male who lived in the 16th-17th century, making the traditional identification with Athalaric implausible.^[4]

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  Reverse of a nummi with the legends: DN ATHAL/ARICV. It show Athalaric as a warrior holding a spear and shield.^{[7]: 98 [9]}
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  Alleged skull of Athalaric at the Anatomical Wax Museum of Bologna, now believed to have belonged to a middle-aged, 16th-17th century man.^[4]