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BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer

Medium howitzer used during World War I and World War II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer
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The Ordnance BL 6-inch 26cwt howitzer, officially BL 6-inch 26cwt howitzer Mk I on Carriage Mk I, was a British howitzer used during World War I and World War II. The qualifier "26cwt" refers to the weight of the barrel and breech together which weighed 26 long hundredweight (1.3 t).

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History

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World War I

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Battery firing, World War I
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Use of girdles around wheels, Somme September 1916
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Near Boesinghe, Battle of Langemarck, August 1917

The howitzer was developed to replace the obsolescent 6 inch 25 cwt and 6 inch 30 cwt howitzers which were outclassed by German artillery such as the 15 cm schwere Feldhaubitze 13. Design began in January 1915, the first proof-firing occurred on 30 July 1915 and it entered service in late 1915.[1] Its combination of firepower, range and mobility (for its day) made it one of the British Empire's most important weapons in World War I.

It was originally towed by horses but from 1916 onwards was commonly towed by the FWD 4 wheel drive 3 ton lorry as heavy field artillery. The wooden spoked wheels could be fitted with "girdles" for work in mud or sand to prevent them sinking. Towards the end of the war solid rubber tyres were fitted over the iron tyres on the wheel rims, giving the rims a heavier appearance. It fired 22.4 million rounds on the Western Front.[3]

Interwar years

During the interwar period, the Carriage Mk I had its wooden spoked wheels augmented with rubber tires, these modified carriages were designated Carriage Mk IR. Later on, the carriages received modern steel wheels and pneumatic tyres, designated Carriage Mk IP.

World War II

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British battery in action at Tobruk, 23 January 1941

During World War II, its use was restricted after 1942 when the replacement BL 5.5 inch Medium Gun came into use but it was reintroduced in Burma due to a number of premature detonations in 5.5-inch (140 mm) guns. After 1942, it remained in use in the Far East (mainly Burma) until the end of the war in 1945, when it was declared obsolete.

During the German conquest across Europe, German troops captured many howitzers from multiple countries. These captured examples received the designation 15.2 cm s.FH. 407(h) (Dutch howitzers), 15.2 cm s.FH. 410(b) (Belgian howitzers), 15.2 cm s.FH. 412(e) (British howitzers), 15.2 cm s.FH. 412(f) (French howitzers),[note 1] 15.2 cm s.FH. 412(i) (Italian howitzers), 15.2 cm s.FH. 444(r) (Soviet howitzers).

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Variants

Gun variants:[4]

  • Mark I – Only variant produced

Carriage variants:[4]

  • Mark I – Wooden wheels
  • Mark IR – Wooden wheels, rubber tyres
  • Mark IP – Steel wheels, pneumatic tyres

Surviving examples

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Restored gun, the Memorial to 71st (Transvaal) Siege Battery at Johannesburg Zoo.

These guns are being restored by the Gunner's Association of South Africa

Ammunition

British

World War I

Projectiles used in World War I weighed 100 pounds (45.4 kg). A lighter 86 pounds (39.0 kg) long-range projectile was introduced in November 1918, too late to see service in the war [3]

World War II

See also

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

Notes

  1. Mistakenly attributed to the French Army.

References

Bibliography

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