Baboon syndrome

Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE), popularly known as baboon syndrome because of its resemblance to the distinctive red buttocks displayed by female baboons, is a systemic dermatitis characterized by well-demarcated patches of erythema distributed symmetrically on the buttocks.^[1] The cause of the syndrome may be drug-related: i.e., induced by systemic administration of hydroxyzine,^[2] penicillin,^[3] iodinated radio contrast media,^[4] and others.

Baboon syndrome
Specialty	Dermatology
Causes	Baboon Syndrome in humans is caused by friction from the excessive adipose in obese people that presses on the epidermis in areas such as the crotch, the buttocks, and the armpits. In wide bodied individuals, these areas of the body are prone to repeated bouts of perspiration that slowly evaporate causing the skin to dry up. As the individual starts to become mobile, the epidermis in the affected areas rub together causing a sand paper like effect causing the rash to present. While the chafing of the skin is happening, the person will also begin to sweat again and the process repeats itself causing severe redness in those areas. Bedrest and lack of mobility allow the rash to heal over the course of a few days. If movement is required the pain can be minimized by repeatedly applying baby powder in the area of the rash and making sure to stop all physical activity before they perspire in the affected area.

Symptoms and signs

The typical rash commonly appears on buttocks. This then resembles the colour of a baboon's buttocks. Other areas like upper inner thigh and armpits, may be affected by the rash. The rashes are red and well-defined. The presentation is typically symmetrical and not associated with systemic symptoms.^[5]

Cause

Diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment of symmetrical drug related intertriginous and flexural exanthema involves identifying and stopping the causative agent. Topical steroids can help to reduce the redness.^[6]

Epidemiology

Baboon syndrome affects both sexes equally, and can occur at any age, but seems to be more common in childhood than in adulthood.^[7]

See also

• Airbag dermatitis
• List of cutaneous conditions