Banovac

Banovac, banski denar or banica is a coin struck and used in the Kingdom of Croatia between 1235 and 1384,^[2] replacing the Croatian frizatik (which was also minted by Duke of Slavonia).^[3] The Latin name denarius banalis was derived from the words ban ("viceroy") and denarius.^[4]

Coin of Andrew II of Hungary,^[1] or Béla IV of Hungary.^[2]

The coins were first minted in Pakrac, and from 1260 in Zagreb.^[3] They were well made, of quality silver, because of which became common exchange currency in Central Europe.^[3] There exist some 400 types and sub-types of banovac.^[5]

Banovac included on obverse the image of a marten (Croatian: kuna) between two six-pointed stars (inspired by moving leopard/lion from frizatiks and duke's CoA^[1]), because marten pelts were highly valued goods used as a form of payment in Slavonia (marturina).^[5] This was one of the reasons for naming the former currency of the Republic of Croatia the kuna (used 1994–2023).^[6] On the reverse included image of Patriarchal cross#Hungary, in upper part crescent and star (symbol), and lower part two crowned heads facing each other.^[5]

The legends are:

• MONETA REGIS P SCLAVONIA (common)
• MONETA B REGIS P SCLAVONIA (moneta Belae regis pro sclavonia, scarce)
• MONETA DVCIS P SCLAVONIA (scarce)
• MONETA REGIS P VNGARIA (rare)

Initials on the Árpád Dynasty coins are:

• King Bela IV (1235–1270):
  • o - o,
  • lily - lily,
  • bird - bird,
  • h - R (Ban Henricus Nemetujvari, 1267–1270)
• King Stephen V (1270–1272)
  • S - R (Stephanus Rex),
  • R - S (Rex Stephanus)
• King Ladislaus IV (1272–1290)
  • R - L (Rex Ladislaus),
  • L - R (Ladislaus Rex),
  • S - L (Ban Stephanus Babonich - Rex Ladislaus, 1280-1282?),
  • R - R - L (Ban Radoszlav - Rex Ladislaus, 1286–1288)
• King Andrew III (1290–1301)
  • R - A (Rex Andreas),
  • A - R (Andreas Rex),
  • S - A (Ban Stephanus Babonich - Rex Andreas, 1300–1301),
  • R - bird (Rex Andreas - Ban Stephanus Babonich, 1300–1301),
  • A - bird (Rex Andreas - Ban Stephanus Babonich, 1300–1301)

See also

• Money portal

• Dinar
• Croatian kuna