Barremian

The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma^[2] (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago^[3]). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.^[4]

Barremian
~125.77 – ~121.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Barremian sedimentary rock layers, France
Chronology
−140 — – −130 — – −120 — – −110 — – −100 — – −90 — – −80 — – −70 — – Mesozoic C Z J Cretaceous P g L J Early Late P C Tithonian Berriasian Valanginian Hauterivian Barremian Aptian Albian Cenomanian Turonian Coniacian Santonian Campanian Maastrichtian Danian         ← K-Pg mass extinction Subdivision of the Cretaceous according to the ICS, as of 2024.[1] Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Not formally defined
Lower boundary definition candidates	FAD of the Spitidiscus hugii-Spitidiscus vandeckii Ammonite group
Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)	Río Argos, Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia Province, Spain
Upper boundary definition	Not formally defined
Upper boundary definition candidates	Base of magnetic polarity chronozone M0r. Near FAD of the Ammonite Paradeshayesites oglanlensis
Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s)	Gorgo a Cerbara, Piobbico, Central Apennines, Italy

Stratigraphic definitions

The original type locality for the Barremian Stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873.

The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites Spitidiscus hugii and Spitidiscus vandeckii. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite Paradeshayesites oglanlensis.^{[citation needed]}

Regional equivalents

The Barremian falls in the Gallic epoch, a subdivision of the Cretaceous that is no longer used by the ICS. It overlaps the lower part of the Urgonian [pl] stage, which is sometimes used in western European stratigraphy. In North America, the late Coahulian and the early Comanchean correspond to the Barremian. In New Zealand, it falls within the Mokoiwian, and in Japan it corresponds to the late Aritan.^[4]

Subdivision^{[citation needed]}

The Barremian is often subdivided into two substages or subages, Lower/Early and Upper/Late Barremian.

In the Tethys domain, the Barremian stage contains eleven ammonite biozones:

• zone of Pseudocrioceras waagenoides
• zone of Colchidites sarasini
• zone of Imerites giraudi
• zone of Hemihoplites feraudianus
• zone of Gerhardtia sertousi
• zone of Ancyloceras vandenheckii
• zone of Coronites darsi
• zone of Kotetishvilia compressissima
• zone of Nicklesia pulchella
• zone of Nicklesia nicklesi
• zone of Spitidiscus hugii