Bean weevil

The bean weevils or seed beetles are a subfamily (Bruchinae) of weevils, which in turn are a subset of beetles. The Bruchinae now placed in the family Chrysomelidae, though they have historically been treated as a separate family. The subfamily includes about 1,650 species and are found worldwide.

Bean weevils Temporal range: Cenomanian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Cucujiformia
Family:	Chrysomelidae
Subfamily:	Bruchinae Latreille, 1802[1]
Tribes and subtribes[2]
Amblycerini Amblycerina Spermophagina Bruchini Acanthoscelidina (= Bruchidiina) Bruchina Megacerina Eubaptini Kytorhinini Pachymerini Caryedontina Caryopemina Pachymerina Rhaebini †Myanmaropini[3]
Diversity[4]
About 1,650 species in 70 genera
Synonyms
Lariidae Bedel, 1901

Damage to beans by larvae of the common bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus

Bean weevils are generally compact and oval in shape, with small heads somewhat bent under. Sizes range from 1–22 millimetres (0.039–0.866 in) for some tropical species. Colors are usually black or brown, often with mottled patterns. Although their mandibles may be elongated, they do not have the long snouts characteristic of other weevils. A defining characteristic of this subfamily is that the elytra don't quite reach the tip of their abdomens (as seen in the header image).

The Bruchinae are granivores, and typically infest various kinds of seeds or beans (hence their common names), living most of their lives inside a single seed;^{[citation needed]} Host plants tend to be legumes, but species will also be found in Convolvulaceae, Arecaceae, and Malvaceae. The adults deposit eggs on seeds of these plants, then the larvae chew their way into the seed. When ready to pupate, the larvae typically cut an exit hole, then return to their feeding chamber. Due to this, several species are considered pests. The adult weevils have a habit of feigning death and dropping from a plant when disturbed.

Several species are native to Great Britain, but there are also records of several introduced species from stored products in warehouses and dwellings, although these species cannot proliferate outside of heated buildings in that climate.^[relevant?]

Genera

This list of genera uses the new classification scheme, treating the bean weevils as a subfamily with six extant tribes, eight or nine subtribes, and one extinct tribe. The former names and ranks for the tribes and subtribes under the old classification, treating the been weevils as a family, are given in parentheses (except for Myanmaropini, which was established only for the new classification).^[5][6]

• Tribe Amblycerini Bridwell, 1932 (= Subfamily Amblycerinae)
  • Subtribe Amblycerina Bridwell, 1932 (= Tribe Amblycerini)
    • Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815
  • Subtribe Spermophagina Borowiec, 1987 (= Tribe Spermophagini)
    • Spermophagus Schoenherr, 1833
    • Zabrotes Horn, 1885
• Tribe Bruchini Latreille, 1802 (= Subfamily Bruchinae)
  • Subtribe Acanthoscelidina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Acanthoscelidini)
    • Abutiloneus Bridwell, 1946
    • Acanthoscelides Schilsky, 1905
    • Algarobius Bridwell, 1946
    • Althaeus Bridwell, 1946
    • Bonaerius Bridwell, 1952
    • Caryedes Hummel, 1827
    • Cosmobruchus Bridwell, 1931
    • Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead, 1974
    • Dahlibruchus Bridwell, 1931
    • Gibbobruchus Pic, 1913
    • Lithraeus Bridwell, 1952
    • Margaritabruchus Romero & Johnson, 2001
    • Meibomeus Bridwell, 1946
    • Megasennius Whitehead & Kingsolver, 1975
    • Merobruchus Bridwell, 1946
    • Mimosestes Bridwell, 1946
    • Neltumius Bridwell, 1946
    • Neobruchidius Johnson & Romero, 2006
    • Palpibruchus Borowiec, 1987
    • Pectinibruchus Kingsolver, 1967
    • Penthobruchus Kingsolver, 1973
    • Pseudopachymerina Zacher, 1952
    • Pygiopachymerus Pic, 1911
    • Rhipibruchus Bridwell, 1932
    • Scutobruchus Kingsolver, 1968
    • Sennius Bridwell, 1946
    • Spatulobruchus Borowiec, 1987
    • Stator Bridwell, 1946
    • Stylantheus Bridwell, 1946
  • Subtribe Bruchidiina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Bruchidiini)^{[note 1]}
    • Acanthobruchidius Borowiec, 1980
    • Borowiecius Anton, 1994
    • Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905
    • Callosobruchus Pic, 1902
    • Conicobruchus Decelle, 1951
    • Decellebruchus Borowiec, 1987
    • Horridobruchus Borowiec, 1984
    • Kingsolverius Borowiec, 1987
    • Megabruchidius Borowiec, 1984
    • Palaeoacanthoscelides Borowiec, 1985
    • Parasulcobruchus Anton, 1999
    • Pygobruchidius Pic, 1951
    • Salviabruchus Decelle, 1982
    • Specularius Bridwell, 1938
    • Sulcobruchus Chûjô, 1937
    • Tuberculobruchus Decelle, 1951
  • Subtribe Bruchina Latreille, 1802 (= Tribe Bruchini)
    • Bruchus Linnaeus, 1767
  • Subtribe Megacerina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Megacerini)
    • Megacerus Fåhraeus, 1839
• Tribe Eubaptini Bridwell, 1932 (= Subfamily Eubaptinae)
  • Eubaptus Lacordaire, 1845
• Tribe Kytorhinini Bridwell, 1832 (= Subfamily Kytorhininae)
  • Kytorhinus Fischer von Waldheim, 1809
• Tribe Pachymerini Bridwell, 1929 (= Subfamily Pachymerinae)
  • Subtribe Caryedontina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryedontini)
    • Aforedon Decelle, 1965
    • Caryedon Schoenherr, 1823
    • Caryotrypes Decelle, 1968
    • Exoctenophorus Decelle, 1968
    • Mimocaryedon Decelle, 1968
  • Subtribe Caryopemina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryomepini)
    • Caryopemon Jekel, 1855
    • Diegobruchus Pic, 1913
    • Protocaryopemon Borowiec, 1987
  • Subtribe Pachymerina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Pachymerini)
    • Butiobruchus Prevett, 1966
    • Caryobruchus Bridwell, 1929
    • Caryoborus Schoenherr, 1833
    • Pachymerus Thunberg, 1805
    • †Mesopachymerus Poinar, 2005 Canadian amber, Campanian
• Tribe Rhaebini Chapuis, 1874 (= Subfamily Rhaebinae)
  • Rhaebus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824
• Tribe †Myanmaropini Legalov et al., 2020
  • †Myanmarops Legalov et al., 2020^[3] Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian

Notes

1. This subtribe is sometimes combined with Acanthoscelidina.