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Bibliography of E. T. Whittaker

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Bibliography of E. T. Whittaker
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Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker was a British mathematician, physicist, historian of science, and philosopher who authored three titles that remain in circulation over a century after their initial publications. His bibliography includes several books and over one hundred published papers on a variety of subjects, including mathematics, astronomy, mathematical physics, theoretical physics, philosophy, and theism. Whittaker's bibliography in the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society categorises his publications into three categories: books and monographs, maths and physics articles, and biographical articles; the bibliography excludes works published in popular magazines like Scientific American.[1] The bibliography includes eleven total books and monographs, fifty-six maths and physics articles, thirty-five philosophy and history articles, and twenty-one biographical articles.[1] In the bibliography compiled by William Hunter McCrea in 1957, there are thirteen books and monographs and the same journal articles; McCrea counts all three volumes of A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity as separate books and excludes the same papers.[2] Whittaker's contributions to Scientific American include two book reviews and a popular article on mathematics.

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John Lighton Synge reviewed ten of Whittaker's papers when he wrote about Whittaker's contributions to electromagnetism and general relativity.[3] Among other tributes as part of the same memorial volume of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, George Frederick James Temple wrote about Whittaker's work on harmonic functions, and Alexander Aitken wrote about Whittaker's work on algebra and numerical analysis. Whittaker also published several biographical articles, including one for Albert Einstein written just a few months before his death.

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Books

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Cover of a 1996 reprint to the fourth edition of the classic textbook A Course of Modern Analysis by Whittaker and George Neville Watson.
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Cover of a 1989 reprint of the fourth edition of the textbook Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies.
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Cover of a 2011 reprint Whittaker's 1910 book A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century.

Whittaker wrote three scientific treatises that were highly influential in their fields, A Course of Modern Analysis, Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, and The Calculus of Observations.[4] In 1956, Gerald James Whitrow stated that two of these books, Modern Analysis and Analytical Dynamics, were not only required reading for British mathematicians but were regarded as fundamental components of their personal libraries.[5] Despite the success of these textbooks, the second edition of A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity has been called Whittaker's magnum opus.[6][5][7] Due to the title's popularity, William Hunter McCrea predicted that future readers would have a hard time acknowledging it was the result of just "a few years at both ends of a career of the highest distinction in other pursuits."[8] Whittaker also wrote The theory of optical instruments during his time as Royal Astronomer of Ireland and wrote several other books on various subjects throughout his career.[4]

Whittaker & Watson

Main article: A Course of Modern Analysis

Whittaker was the original author of the textbook A Course of Modern Analysis, first published in 1902.[publication 1] The book was reviewed by George Ballard Mathews,[9] Arthur Stafford Hathaway,[10] and Maxime Bôcher,[11] among others. The book's later editions were written in collaboration with Whittaker's former student George Neville Watson, resulting in the textbook taking the famous colloquial name Whittaker & Watson, published in 1915,[publication 2] 1920,[publication 3] and 1927.[publication 4] Reviewers of the book's later editions include Philip Jourdain,[12] Eric Harold Neville,[13] and Dorothy Maud Wrinch.[14] The book is subtitled an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions and is a classic textbook in mathematical analysis.[15]

Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies

Main article: Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies

Whittaker's second major work, A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, was first published in 1904[publication 5] and quickly became a classic textbook in its subject.[16] The book went through four editions, published in 1917,[publication 6] 1927,[publication 7] and 1937.[publication 8] It has remained in circulation for over a hundred years.[16] The book represented the forefront of development at the time of publication; many reviewers noted it contained material otherwise non-existent in the English language.[16] The book has received acclaim from sources other than book reviews as well, including physicist Victor Lenzen, who said in 1952 that the book was "still the best exposition of the subject on the highest possible level".[17] One hundred and ten years after its initial publication, a 2014 "biography" of the book's development noted that the book remained influential as more than a "historical document".[16]

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century

Main article: A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity § First edition: From the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century

Whittaker's third major work, A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, was published in 1910.[publication 9] The book gives a detailed account of the history of electromagnetism and aether theories from René Descartes to Hendrik Lorentz and Albert Einstein, including the contributions of Hermann Minkowski and a chapter each devoted to Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. The book was well received and is an authoritative reference work in the history of physics; the title established Whittaker as a respected historian of science.[18] Pending the release of a second edition, the book remained out of print for many years, though it is now free to be reprinted in the United States, as it qualifies as public domain. Dover Publications released a reprint of the book in 1989.[publication 10] Along with several others, Edwin Bidwell Wilson reviewed the treatise in 1913.[19]

The Calculus of Observations or A Short Course in Interpolation

Whittaker's fourth major work, The Calculus of Observations a Treatise on Numerical Analysis, coauthored with George Robinson,[publication 11] was a pioneering textbook in numerical analysis that was originally published in 1923 and provides an introduction to methods of practical computation.[20] The first four chapters, on interpolation, were published separately under A Short Course in Interpolation,[publication 12] in 1924.[21] The book went through four total editions,[publication 13][publication 14] with the fourth in 1944.[publication 15] The book received positive reviews upon its initial release.[22] It was reviewed by William Fleetwood Sheppard,[21][23] Lewis Fry Richardson,[24] and Jack Howlett,[25] among others.[26][27][28][29] Several of the book's reviewers found that it was advanced and intended mostly for mathematicians.[21][28][24] Some reviewers also noted that the book was the first to be devoted fully to the subject in the English language.[21][29] Forty-three years after its initial publication, Jack Howlett reviewed a reprint of the fourth edition by Dover Publications[publication 16] in 1969 in a comparison of the book with two newer works.[25] He wrote that "one can hardly call it a modern book" and noted that the book had changed relatively little since its original print in 1924 and from the lectures that Whittaker delivered at the Edinburgh Mathematical Laboratory between 1913 and 1923.[25] He went on to remark that there are only a few useful chapters in the book concerning the calculus of finite differences and its applications, including interpolation and difference formulae, but that the rest of the book seemed "completely outmoded".[25]

Philosophy of Arthur Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, one of Whittaker's former students, held philosophical views similar to Whittaker's.[30][31] At the end of his career, Whittaker was influenced by the philosophical ideas Eddington had advocated for and, in addition to editing the latter's Fundamental Theory, he published several articles and books exploring the topic.[32] Whittaker's presentation at the 1947 Tarner Lecture was published as From Euclid to Eddington by the Cambridge University Press and his other book on the topic, Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science, was published two years later.

Fundamental Theory

Whittaker edited Arthur Eddington's Fundamental Theory, which was published posthumously in 1946 by the Cambridge University Press.[publication 17] Eddington died in November 1944 and Whittaker was given the task of editing and publishing the book, which was nearly complete.[32] The book received several reviews and responses,[33] including a review by William Hunter McCrea[34] and Clive W. Kilmister.[35] Kilmister later wrote a book on the topic, titled Eddington's search for a fundamental theory, which was published by Cambridge University Press in 1994,[36] and was itself reviewed by David Kaiser,[37] among others.[38][39][40]

From Euclid to Eddington : A study of the conceptions of the external world

Whittaker's philosophy book From Euclid to Eddington : A study of the conceptions of the external world was published in 1949 by the Cambridge University Press.[publication 18] The book is a published lecture originating from the 1947 Tarner Lecture at Trinity College, Cambridge.[32] The volume recounts the history of the theories of natural philosophy beginning with Euclid and stretching to Eddington, including the philosophical ideas of Plato, Aristotle, and Einstein.[32] The original edition of the book received reviews from Peter Bergmann,[41] Edward Arthur Milne,[42] and Israel Monroe Levitt.[43] A 1960 reprint of the book by Dover Publications has also received reviews.[44][45]

Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science

Whittaker spoke at the annual Arthur Stanley Eddington Memorial Lecture in 1952, which was subsequently published by American Scientist[publication 19] and Cambridge University Press.[publication 20] In the book's preface, Whittaker articulates Eddington's principle as "all the quantitative propositions of physics… may be deduced by logical reasoning from qualitative assertions".[30][31] One reviewer noted some caveats to the interpretation and stated that Eddington would not necessarily have been satisfied with this wording.[31] The work expounded on the principle, traced its development to Gottfried Leibniz, discussed its mathematical basis, and addresses potential objections.[30] Whittaker also describes Eddington's views on universal constants. and discusses their connection to the philosophy of religion.[30] William Hunter McCrea[30] and Thomas Cowling[31] reviewed the work in 1952.

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity extended and revised edition

Main article: A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity § Extended and revised edition

Whittaker published an extended and revised edition of his Theories of Aether in two volumes, with volume one in 1951[publication 21] and the second in 1953.[publication 22] Notwithstanding a notorious controversy on Whitaker's views on the history of special relativity, covered in volume two of the second edition, the books are considered authoritative references on the history of classical electromagnetism[46] as well as classic books in the history of physics.[47] The first volume, subtitled the classical theories, serves as a revised and updated edition of the original 1910 book.[48] Among others, Arthur Mannering Tyndall,[49] Carl Eckart,[50] Victor Lenzen,[51] William Hunter McCrea,[18] Julius Sumner Miller,[52] John Lighton Synge,[53] and Stephen Toulmin[54] reviewed the book. The second volume extended this work covering the years 1900 to 1926, including the early development of special relativity, general relativity, old quantum theory, and quantum mechanics. Among others, Max Born,[55] Freeman Dyson,[56] Rolf Hagedorn,[57] and Percy Williams Bridgman[58] reviewed the book. Whittaker's role in the relativity priority dispute centres on chapter two of the second volume, where he claims that Lorentz and Poincare had developed the theory of relativity before Einstein. Due to the controversy this sparked, the second volume is cited far less than the first volume and first edition, except in connection with the priority dispute.[59]

Other books and monographs

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Articles

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Whittaker wrote many maths, physics, and astronomy articles over his career in addition to many others in subjects like history, philosophy, and theism. He also wrote several popular articles in magazines such as Scientific American as well as several book reviews. Whittaker wrote over twenty biographical articles and obituaries throughout his life, including one for Albert Einstein just a few months before his own death.[68] John Lighton Synge reviewed ten of Whittaker's papers when he wrote about Whittaker's contributions to electromagnetism and general relativity.[3] Among other tributes as part of the same memorial volume of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, George Frederick James Temple wrote about Whittaker's work on harmonic functions, and Alexander Aitken wrote about his work on algebra and numerical analysis.

Maths and science

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Philosophy and history

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Biographical

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A photo of W. W. Rouse Ball. Whittaker wrote the obituary for Rouse Ball in 1924 for the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
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A photo of Albert Einstein in 1947. Whittaker wrote Einstein's obituary for the Royal Society in 1955, just a few months before his own death.
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Book reviews

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Photo of Max Born from the 1930s. Whittaker, a friend of Born's, published reviews for two of his books.
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See also

English Wikisource has original works by:

Publications

  1. [P 1]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1902). A course of modern analysis an introd. to the general theory of infinite series and of analyt. functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions (1st ed.). Univ. Pr. OCLC 1072208628.
  2. [P 2]
    Whittaker, E. T; Watson, G. N (1915). A course of modern analysis: an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytical functions : with an account of the principal transcendental functions (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 474155529.
  3. [P 3]
    Whittaker, E. T; Watson, G. N (1920). A course of modern analysis: an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1170617940.
  4. [P 4]
    Whittaker, E. T; Watson, G. N (1927). A Course of modern analysis: an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions with an account of the principal trascendental functions (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58807-2. OCLC 802476524. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  5. [P 5]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1904). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies: with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1110228082.
  6. [P 6]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1917). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies; with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. OCLC 352133.
  7. [P 7]
    Whittaker, E. T (1927). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies: with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (3rd ed.). Cambridge: The University Press. OCLC 1020880124.
  8. [P 8]
    Whittaker, E. T (1937). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies: with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. OCLC 959757497.
  9. [P 9]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1910). A history of the theories of aether and electricity from the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century. Dublin University Press series. London; New York : Dublin: Longmans, Green & Co.; Hodges Figgis.
  10. [P 10]
    Whittaker, E. T. (Edmund Taylor), 1873-1956. (1989). A history of the theories of aether & electricity. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-26126-3. OCLC 20357018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. [P 11]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1923). The calculus of observations a treatise on numerical analysis. Blackie & Son. OCLC 1098245255.
  12. [P 12]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1924). A short course in interpolation. Van Nostrand. OCLC 4148120.
  13. [P 13]
    Whittaker, E. T; Robinson, George (1932). The calculus of observations; a treatise on numerical mathematics (2nd ed.). London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 1037608.
  14. [P 14]
    Whittaker, E. T; Robinson, George (1942). The calculus of observations; a treatise on numerical mathematics (3rd ed.). London; Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 10415600.
  15. [P 15]
    Whittaker, E. T; Robinson, G (1944). The Calculus of Observations (4th ed.). London; Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 500488346.
  16. [P 16]
    Whittaker, E. T.; Robinson, George (1967) [1944]. The calculus of observations: an introduction to numerical analysis, by Sir Edmund Whittaker and G. Robinson. 4th ed (4th ed.). New York: Dover Publications. OCLC 301738332.
  17. [P 17]
    Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley (1946). Whittaker, E. T. (ed.). Fundamental Theory. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 252854205.
  18. [P 18]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1949). From Euclid to Eddington. A study of the conceptions of the external world. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 488725703.
  19. [P 19]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1951). Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 835626501.
  20. [P 20]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1952). "Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science". American Scientist. 40 (1): 45–60. ISSN 0003-0996. JSTOR 27826417.
  21. [P 21]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1951). A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: The Classical Theories. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Thomas Nelson and Sons.
  22. [P 22]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1953). A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: The Modern Theories. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomas Nelson and Sons.
  23. [P 23]
    British Association for the Advancement of Science.; Science, British Association for the Advancement of (1900). Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Vol. 69th Meeting (1899). London. pp. 121–159.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. [P 24]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1907). The theory of optical instruments. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 976959487.
  25. [P 25]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1912). "Prinzipien der Storungstheorie und allgemeine Theorie der Bahnkurven in dynamischen Problemen" [Principles of perturbation theory and general theory of trajectories in dynamic problems]. Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (in German). Vol. 6-2-1. pp. 512–556. OCLC 635267305.
  26. [P 26]
    Newton, Isaac (1931). Opticks; or, A treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections & colours of light. London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd. OCLC 1164453.
  27. [P 27]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1943). The beginning and end of the world, delivered before the University of Durham at King's college, Newcastle upon Tyne in February 1942. Oxford University Press, H. Milford. OCLC 702585376.
  28. [P 28]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1946). Space and Spirit: Theories of the Universe and the Arguments for the Existence of God. Nelson. ISBN 978-1-258-91699-2. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  29. [P 29]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1948). The modern approach to Descartes' problem; the relation of the mathematical and physical sciences to philosophy. Nelson. OCLC 4732609.
  30. [P 30]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1897). "On Lagrange's parentheses in the planetary theory". Messenger of Mathematics. 26: 141–144.
  31. [P 31]
    Whittaker, E. T. (January 1898). "On the connexion of algebraic functions with automorphic functions". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (389–400): 267–268. doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0033. ISSN 0370-1662. S2CID 117875048.
  32. [P 32]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1900). "On the reductions of the order of the differential equations of a dynamical system, by use of the integral of energy". Messenger of Mathematics. 30: 93–97.
  33. [P 33]
    Whittaker, E. T. (10 January 1902). "On Periodic Orbits". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 62 (3): 186–193. Bibcode:1902MNRAS..62..186W. doi:10.1093/mnras/62.3.186. ISSN 0035-8711.
  34. [P 34]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1902). "On the solution of dynamical problems in terms of trigonometric series". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 34: 206–221.
  35. [P 35]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1902). "On periodic orbits in the restricted problem of three bodies". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 62 (5): 346–352. doi:10.1093/mnras/62.5.346a.
  36. [P 36]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1902). "Note on a function analogous to Weierstrass' Sigma-function". Messenger of Mathematics. 30: 145–148.
  37. [P 37]
    Whittaker, E. T. (14 July 1902). "On the General Solution of Laplace's Equation and the Equation of Wave Motions, and on an undulatory explanation of Gravity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 62 (9): 617–620. doi:10.1093/mnras/62.9.617. ISSN 0035-8711.
  38. [P 38]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1 May 1902). "On a New Connexion of Bessel Functions with Legendre Functions". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s1-35 (1): 198–206. doi:10.1112/plms/s1-35.1.198. ISSN 0024-6115.
  39. [P 39]
    Whittaker, E. T. (May 1902). "On the Functions associated with the Parabolic Cylinder in Harmonic Analysis". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s1-35 (1): 417–427. doi:10.1112/plms/s1-35.1.417. ISSN 1460-244X.
  40. [P 40]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1903). "An expression of certain known functions as generalized hypergeometric functions". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 10 (3): 125–134. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1903-01077-5. ISSN 0002-9904.
  41. [P 41]
    Whittaker, E. T. (September 1903). "On the partial differential equations of mathematical physics". Mathematische Annalen. 57 (3): 333–355. doi:10.1007/BF01444290. ISSN 1432-1807. S2CID 122153032.
  42. [P 42]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1 January 1904). "On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s2-1 (1): 367–372. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-1.1.367. ISSN 0024-6115.
  43. [P 43]
    Whittaker, E. T. (9 November 1906). "On the Distribution of Energy in the Continuous Spectrum". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 67 (1): 85–88. doi:10.1093/mnras/67.1.85. ISSN 0035-8711.
  44. [P 44]
    Whittaker, E. T. (9 November 1906). "On the Resolving Power of Spectroscopes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 67 (1): 88–91. doi:10.1093/mnras/67.1.88. ISSN 0035-8711.
  45. [P 45]
    Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (30 July 1908). "On the theory of capillarity". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 81 (544): 21–25. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81...21W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0060.
  46. [P 46]
    Whittaker, E. (1908). "Sunspots and solar temperature". The Observatory. 31: 372–374. Bibcode:1908Obs....31..372W.
  47. [P 47]
    Whittaker, E. T.; Martin, C. (April 1911). "On the Variable RW Cassiopeiæ. (Plate 12.)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 71 (6): 511–517. doi:10.1093/mnras/71.6.511. ISSN 0035-8711.
  48. [P 48]
    Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (9 June 1911). "On the dynamical nature of the molecular systems which emit spectra of the banded type". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 85 (578): 262–270. Bibcode:1911RSPSA..85..262W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1911.0038.
  49. [P 49]
    Whittaker, E. T. (9 June 1911). "On the Law which governs the Variations of SS Cygni: Preliminary paper". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 71 (8): 686–691. doi:10.1093/mnras/71.8.686. ISSN 0035-8711.
  50. [P 50]
    Hobson, Ernest William; Love, Augustus Edward Hough (1913). "Whittaker, E. T. (1912) 'On the functions associated with the elliptic cylinder in harmonic analysis'". Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Mathematicians: (Cambridge, 22-28 August 1912). Cambridge University Press. pp. 366–371.
  51. [P 51]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1913). "On the general solution of Mathieu's equation". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 32: 75–80. doi:10.1017/S0013091500035069. ISSN 1464-3839.
  52. [P 52]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1913). "On the continued fractions which represent the functions of Hermite and other functions defined by differential equations". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 32: 65–74. doi:10.1017/S0013091500035057. ISSN 1464-3839.
  53. [P 53]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1914). "VII.—On an Integral-Equation whose Solutions are the Functions of Lamé". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 35: 70–77. doi:10.1017/S0370164600017697. ISSN 0370-1646.
  54. [P 54]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1915). "On Lamé's Differential Equation and Ellipsoidal Harmonics". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s2_14 (1): 260–268. doi:10.1112/plms/s2_14.1.260. ISSN 1460-244X.
  55. [P 55]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1914). "On a class of Differential Equations whose solutions satisfy Integral Equations". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 33: 14–23. doi:10.1017/S0013091500002297. ISSN 1464-3839.
  56. [P 56]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1915). "XVIII.—On the Functions which are represented by the Expansions of the Interpolation-Theory". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 35: 181–194. doi:10.1017/S0370164600017806. ISSN 0370-1646.
  57. [P 57]
    Whittaker, E. T. (December 1915). "A simple nomogram for the solution of quadratic equations". Edinburgh Mathematical Notes. 19: 215–217. doi:10.1017/S1757748900001523. ISSN 2051-204X.
  58. [P 58]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1916). "XVI.–On the Theory of Continued-Fractions". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 36 (3–4): 243–255. doi:10.1017/S0370164600018277. ISSN 0370-1646.
  59. [P 59]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1916). "On the Latent Roots of Compound Determinants and Brill's Determinants". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 35: 2–9. doi:10.1017/s0013091500029631. ISSN 0013-0915.
  60. [P 60]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1917). "VII.—On the Adelphic Integral of the Differential Equations of Dynamics". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 37: 95–116. doi:10.1017/S037016460002352X. ISSN 0370-1646.
  61. [P 61]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1917). "A Formula for the Solution of Algebraic or Transcendental Equations". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 36: 103–106. doi:10.1017/S0013091500035288. ISSN 1464-3839.
  62. [P 62]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1917). "On Determinants whose elements are Determinants". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 36: 107–115. doi:10.1017/S001309150003529X. ISSN 0013-0915.
  63. [P 63]
    Whittaker, E. T. (June 1918). "On the numerical solution of integral-equations". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 94 (662): 367–383. Bibcode:1918RSPSA..94..367W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1918.0024.
  64. [P 64]
    Whittaker, E. T.; Lidstone, G. J. (1921). "On Some Disputed Questions of Probability". Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries. 8: 163–206. doi:10.1017/S0071368600004389. ISSN 2058-1033.
  65. [P 65]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1923) [1921]. "I.—On Tubes of Electromagnetic Force". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 42: 1–23. doi:10.1017/S0370164600023798. ISSN 0370-1646.
  66. [P 66]
    Whittaker, E. T. (February 1921). "On Sylvester's Dialytic Method of Elimination". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 40: 62–63. doi:10.1017/S0013091500036026. ISSN 1464-3839.
  67. [P 67]
    Whittaker, E. T. (1923) [1922]. "X.—On the Quantum Mechanism in the Atom". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 42: 129–142. doi:10.1017/S0370164600023889. ISSN 0370-1646.
  68. [P 68]
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