Big Bird (finch)

This article is about the real-life bird. For the Sesame Street character, see Big Bird.

Big Bird, also known as the Big Bird lineage, is one of the species of Darwin's finches that is exclusively present on Daphne Major of the Galápagos Islands. It originated from a single male Española cactus finch (Geospiza conirostris) that immigrated to Daphne Major in 1981, which founded a hybrid lineage by breeding with a female medium ground finch and creating 5 offspring. It resembles the medium ground finch but is relatively larger, hence, the name. The offspring tend to breed only with their own family members, thereby giving rise to reproductive isolation and undergoing speciation.^[1] Discovered by the research team of Peter and Rosemary Grant, the formation of Big Birds as a distinct species is considered as an instance of observed speciation^[2] and as a process of evolution by natural selection.^[3]

Big Bird
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Geospiza
Species:	G. conirostris × G. fortis

The original Big Bird bred with a female medium ground finch to create five bigger offspring (F₁).^[1] A drought from 2003–2005 wiped out all of the population except for a F₃ brother-sister pair, which went on to mate with each other when the rain returned.^[4] All surviving Big Birds are the offspring of these two finches, coded 19228 and 19798 in the 2017 Science article. Their father was descended from a F₁ hybrid male and a resident female medium ground finch. Their mother was descended from two F₁ hybrids. As a result, all current Big Birds (the last generation as of 2017 being 3 F₆ birds) have 3⁄8 pedigree from the immigrant Geospiza conirostris.^[1]