Biju Janata Dal

The Biju Janata Dal (BJD) (Odia : ବିଜୁ ଜନତା ଦଳ) (transl. BJD) is an Indian regional political party with significant influence in the state of Odisha. The party was established to uphold the legacy of former Chief Minister Biju Patnaik, uphold Odia nationalism, also to address the unique socio-economic challenges faced by the people of the state. The party aims to provide a platform for regional development, cultural identity, and social welfare, distinguishing itself from national parties.

Biju Janata Dal (BJD)
Abbreviation	BJD
President	Naveen Patnaik
Rajya Sabha Leader	Sasmit Patra
Founder	Naveen Patnaik[1][2]
Founded	26 December 1997 (27 years ago) (1997-12-26)
Split from	Janata Dal
Headquarters	Sankha Bhawan Plot No. 798, Unit - VI, Bhubaneswar – 751001, Odisha, India
Student wing	Biju Chhatra Janata Dal
Youth wing	Biju Juba Janata Dal
Women's wing	Biju Mahila Janata Dal
Labour wing	Biju Sramika Samukhya
Peasant's wing	Biju Krusaka Janata Dal
Ideology	Social democracy[5] Odia nationalism[8]
Political position	Centre[9]
Colours	Green
ECI Status	State Party[10]
Alliance	None (2009-Present) National Democratic Alliance (1998–2009)
Seats in Lok Sabha	0 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha	7 / 245
Seats in Odisha Legislative Assembly	51 / 147
Number of states and union territories in government	0 / 31
Election symbol
Conch
Party flag
Website
www.bjdodisha.org.in
Politics of India Political parties Elections

Under the leadership of its founding president Naveen Patnaik, who has served as Chief Minister from 2000 to 2024, the BJD has emerged as a dominant political force in Odisha. Out of the 27 years of journey, in the first 11 years it had allied with the BJP, afterwards it chose to be unallied. The party's governance has been marked by a focus on infrastructure development, poverty alleviation, and various welfare programs aimed at improving the quality of life for its citizens. The BJD has consistently won a significant share of seats in both state and national elections, reflecting its strong grassroots support and commitment to regional issues. The headquarters of the party is located in Forest Park, Bhubaneswar.

History

The Biju Janata Dal (BJD) is a regional political party in Odisha, founded on 26-December-1997, by Naveen Patnaik. The party emerged as a breakaway faction from the Janata Dal following internal conflicts and the decline of the party's influence in the region. The formation of the BJD was largely motivated by the desire to continue the political legacy of Naveen's father, Bijayananda (Biju) Patnaik, a statesman, plus a prominent figure in Odisha's political landscape and a two-time Chief Minister, whose vision for the state inspired many. The need of Biju Janata Dal also rose because Orissa had no key regional party at that time. Other main desire was to oppose Indian National Congress.

When Biju Patnaik was a leader of Janata Party and Janata Dal in Orissa, the State Unit had several differences with the National Unit.

Naveen Patnaik became its founding president. The creation of the BJD aimed to provide a regional alternative to both the Indian National Congress (Congress Party) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), focusing on issues pertinent to the people of Odisha. It sought to address local concerns, uphold Odia Regionalism/Nationalism, maintain a distinct Odia identity in politics, and promote development.^[11]

Alliances

It had first formed alliance with the BJP and had seat-sharing formulae. Some MPs of BJD were appointed ministers in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's council of ministers. It formed state government of Orissa in 2000 with Naveen Patnaik as Chief Minister. Both BJP, BJD were constituents of Naveen Patnaik's first two ministries. Later in 2009 BJD severed ties with BJP then joined the Third Front, lending some seats to CPI, CPM, NCP. Later around 2014 it chose to be unallied and left even Third Front. Since 2009 , Biju Janata Dal is equi-distant from both the key national coalitions. It maintains impartiality, neutral nature, equal distance from both UPA and NDA actually. But there have been some moments when the party had leaned towards BJP plus supported the bills presented by BJP in the Upper House of Parliament.

Position in political spectrum

Biju Janata Dal is never fixed at one political spectrum. It sometimes leans to left , sometimes to right , sometimes remains at centre , to cope with the mood of the public of Orissa/Odisha. This has helped it to garner appreciation from across the state.

Elections

The BJD won nine seats in the 1998 general election and Naveen was named Minister for Mines. In the 1999 general elections, the BJD won 10 seats. The party won a majority of seats in the Odisha Legislative Assembly in the 2000 and 2004 elections in alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The BJD won 11 Lok Sabha seats in the 2004 elections. In the aftermath of the 2008 Kandhamal riots, the BJD parted ways with the BJP in the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections held in 2009, citing communalism and differences in seat sharing. During the election, BJD won 14 seats and secured a strong 108 legislative seats out of 147 seats in the 2009 Odisha legislative elections. Biju Janata Dal won a huge victory in the 2014 general election, securing 20 of the 21 Odishan Lok Sabha seats and 117 of the 147 Odisha Legislative Assembly seats.^[12] They were re-elected to power in Odisha in 2019, winning 112 of the 147 seats in the Odisha state assembly; however, their seats in the Lok Sabha were reduced to 12.^[13][14] In 2022, BJD clean swept elections of Panchayat & urban local bodies in the state.^[15] In 2024, they lost all their Lok Sabha seats and also lost the assembly election, with the BJP winning both.

Leadership

The highest decision-making body of the party is its Core Committee.

• Naveen Patnaik - Founder, National Chairperson, Leader of the Party in the Odisha Legislative Assembly
• Pinaki Misra - ex Leader of the Party in the Lok Sabha
• Prasanna Acharya - Leader of the Party in the Rajya Sabha
• Niranjan Pujari - Former Minister of Finance, Excise in Government of Odisha
• Pranab Prakash Das - General Secretary (Organisation)
• Sanjay Kumar Das Burma - General Secretary (Headquarters)
• Subhash Chandra Singh - Mayor of Cuttack,^[16] Party Treasurer and General Secretary of the Biju Sramika Samukhya
• Dr Byomokesh Ray - President, Biju Yuba Janata Dal
• Devi Ranjan Tripathy - President, Biju Chhatra Janata Dal
• Snehangini Chhuria - President, Biju Mahila Janata Dal

Electoral performance

Indian general elections

Lok Sabha Elections

Year	Lok Sabha	Party leader	Seats contested	Seats won	Change in seats	Percentage of votes	Vote swing	Popular vote	Outcome
1998	12th	Naveen Patnaik	12	9 / 543	9	1.00%		3,669,825	Government
1999	13th		12	10 / 543	1	1.20%	0.20%	4,378,536
2004	14th		12	11 / 543	1	1.30%	0.10%	5,082,849	Opposition
2009	15th		18	14 / 543	3	1.59%	0.29%	6,612,552	Others
2014	16th		21	20 / 543	6	1.73%	0.14%	9,489,946
2019	17th		21	12 / 543	8	1.68%	0.05%	10,174,021
2024	18th		21	0 / 543	12	1.46%	0.22%	9,413,379	Lost

State legislative assembly elections

Odisha Legislative Assembly Elections^[17]

Year	Assembly	Party leader	Seats contested	Seats won	Change in seats	Percentage of votes	Vote swing	Popular vote	Outcome
2000	12th	Naveen Patnaik	84	68 / 147	68	29.40%		4,151,895	Government
2004	13th		84	61 / 147	7	27.36%	2.04%	4,632,280
2009	14th		129	103 / 147	42	38.86%	11.50%	6,903,641
2014	15th		147	117 / 147	14	43.35%	4.49%	9,335,159
2019	16th		146	112 / 147	5	44.71%	1.36%	10,475,697
2024	17th		147	51 / 147	61	40.22%	4.49%	10,102,454	Opposition

List of party leaders

Presidents

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term in office
			Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Naveen Patnaik (b. 1946)	26 December 1997	Incumbent	27 years, 239 days

Legislative leaders

List of union cabinet ministers

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Portfolio	Term in office			Elected constituency (House)	Prime Minister
				Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Naveen Patnaik (b. 1946)	Ministry of Steel and Mines	19 March 1998	13 October 1999	1 year, 208 days	Aska (Lok Sabha)	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
			Ministry of Mines and Minerals	13 October 1999	4 March 2000	143 days
2		Arjun Charan Sethi (1941–2020)	Ministry of Water Resources	27 May 2000	22 May 2004	3 years, 361 days	Bhadrak (Lok Sabha)

List of union ministers of state (independent charge)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Portfolio	Term in office			Elected constituency (House)	Prime Minister
				Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Dilip Kumar Ray (b. 1954)	Ministry of Coal	20 March 1998	13 October 1999	1 year, 207 days	Odisha (Rajya Sabha)	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
			Ministry of Steel	13 October 1999	27 May 2000	227 days
2		Braja Kishore Tripathy (b. 1947)		27 May 2000	22 May 2004	3 years, 361 days	Puri (Lok Sabha)

List of chief ministers

Chief Ministers of Odisha

Further information: List of chief ministers of Odisha

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term in office			Assembly (Election)	Elected constituency	Ministry
			Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Naveen Patnaik (b. 1946)	5 March 2000	15 May 2004	24 years, 98 days	12th (2000)	Hinjili	Patnaik I
			16 May 2004	21 May 2009		13th (2004)		Patnaik II
			22 May 2009	20 May 2014		14th (2009)		Patnaik III
			21 May 2014	28 May 2019		15th (2014)		Patnaik IV
			29 May 2019	11 June 2024		16th (2019)		Patnaik V

List of union ministers of state

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Portfolio	Term in office			Elected constituency (House)	Cabinet Minister		Prime Minister
				Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Dilip Kumar Ray (b. 1954)	Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs	22 May 1998	22 October 1999	1 year, 153 days	Odisha (Rajya Sabha)	Madan Lal Khurana P. R. Kumaramangalam Pramod Mahajan		Atal Bihari Vajpayee

List of leaders of the opposition

Leaders of the Opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly

Further information: List of leaders of the opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term in office			Assembly (Election)	Elected constituency
			Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Naveen Patnaik (b. 1946)	20 June 2024	Incumbent	1 year, 63 days	17th (2024)	Hinjili

List of deputy leaders of the opposition

Deputy Leaders of the Opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term in office			Assembly (Election)	Elected constituency	Leader of the Opposition
			Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Prasanna Acharya (b. 1949)	20 June 2024	Incumbent	1 year, 63 days	17th (2024)	Rairakhol	Naveen Patnaik

See also

• Biju Sena, front group of Biju Janata Dal.
• List of political parties in India