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Biorthogonal system

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In mathematics, a biorthogonal system is a pair of indexed families of vectors such that where and form a pair of topological vector spaces that are in duality, is a bilinear mapping and is the Kronecker delta.

An example is the pair of sets of respectively left and right eigenvectors of a matrix, indexed by eigenvalue, if the eigenvalues are distinct.[1]

A biorthogonal system in which and is an orthonormal system.

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Projection

Related to a biorthogonal system is the projection where its image is the linear span of and the kernel is

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Construction

Given a possibly non-orthogonal set of vectors and the projection related is where is the matrix with entries

  • and then is a biorthogonal system.
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See also

References

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