Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
Boundary parallel
When a closed manifold embeded in M has an isotopy onto a boundary component of M From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Remove ads
In mathematics, a boundary parallel, ∂-parallel, or peripheral closed n-manifold N embedded in an (n + 1)-manifold M is one for which there is an isotopy of N onto a boundary component of M.[1]
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (June 2025) |
An example
Consider the annulus . Let π denote the projection map
If a circle S is embedded into the annulus so that π restricted to S is a bijection, then S is boundary parallel. (The converse is not true.)
If, on the other hand, a circle S is embedded into the annulus so that π restricted to S is not surjective, then S is not boundary parallel. (Again, the converse is not true.)
- An example in which π is not bijective on S, but S is ∂-parallel anyway.
- An example in which π is bijective on S.
- An example in which π is neither surjective nor injective on S.
Remove ads
Context and applications
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2025) |
Further reading
- Culler, Marc, and Peter B. Shalen. "Bounded, separating, incompressible surfaces in knot manifolds." Inventiones mathematicae 75 (1984): 537–545.
See also
References
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads