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Bourguibism
Policies of the first Tunisian president, Habib Bourguiba From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Bourguibism (Tunisian Arabic: البورقيبية il-Būrgībiyah, French: bourguibisme) refers to the policies of Habib Bourguiba, the first President of Tunisia, and his followers.
Bourguibism is defined by a strong commitment to national independence and specifically Tunisian nationalism (as opposed to pan-Maghrebi or pan-Arab ideas),[1][2] a state capitalist approach on economic development,[3][4] welfare state,[5] a statist and corporatist interpretation of populism,[6] strict secularism,[7] and cultural modernity, advocating Tunisia's place as a bridge between Arab-Islamic and Western civilisation.[8] While Bourguibists condemned Tunisians who had collaborated with the French colonial rulers,[9] they did not repress the strong European cultural influence on Tunisia and French continued to be the language of higher education and elite culture.[10] Bourguibism is sometimes described as a variety of Kemalism but with focus on the Tunisian identity.[11]
As a political style or strategy, Bourguibism is characterised by intransigence in pursuing certain goals and non-negotiable principles combined with flexibility in negotiations and readiness to compromise considering the means to effectuate them.[12] It is therefore described as pragmatic, non-ideological, moderate, and reformist rather than revolutionary, but determined and relentless at the same time.[13][14] For example, despite being decidedly secularist, Bourguiba made sure to curtail the public role of Islam only carefully and gradually, in order not to arouse opposition from conservative Muslims.[10]
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Political parties with Bourguibist platforms
- Neo Destour/Socialist Destourian Party/Democratic Constitutional Rally (1934–2011)
- National Destourian Initiative (2011–2019)
- El Watan Party (2011–2013)
- Nidaa Tounes (2012–)
- El Amal (2012–)
- Free Destourian Party (2013–)
- Machrouu Tounes (2016–)
- Tahya Tounes (2019–)
Further reading
- Brown, L. Carl (2001). "Bourguiba and Bourguibism Revisited: Reflections and Interpretation". Middle East Journal. 55 (1): 43–57.
References
External links
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