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Bugula

Genus of moss animals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bugula
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Bugula is a genus of common colonial arborescent bryozoa, often mistaken for seaweed. It commonly grows upright in bushy colonies of up to 15 cm in height.[1][2]

Quick facts Scientific classification ...
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Distribution

The native distribution of Bugula neritina is presumed to be tropical and subtropical waters; however, it has become widespread globally due to attachment to the hulls of vessels.[1] It is considered an invasive species in some countries.

Bugula neritina

Main article: Bugula neritina

Bugula neritina attracted interest as a source of cytotoxic chemicals, bryostatins, under clinical investigation as anti-cancer agents. It was first collected and provided to JL Hartwell's anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe.[3] In 2001 pharmaceutical company GPC Biotech licensed Bryostatin 1 from Arizona State University for commercial development as a treatment for cancer. GPC Biotech canceled development in 2003, saying that Bryostatin 1 showed little effectiveness and some toxic side-effects.[4] More recent work shows it has positive effects on cognition in sufferers of Alzheimers with few side effects.[5]

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Other uses

Dried Bugula are commonly used as decorations:

"Air fern", the so-called everlasting plant that supposedly absorbs from air all the moisture it needs to live, is commonly dried colonies of the bryozoan Bugula that have been artificially coloured.[6]

However, Sertularia argentea are also sold as "air ferns."[7]

Species

  • Bugula alba Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
  • Bugula apsteini Hasenbank, 1932
  • Bugula aspinosa Liu, 1984
  • Bugula biota Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
  • Bugula capensis Waters, 1887
  • Bugula ceylonensis Winston & Woollacott, 2008
  • Bugula crosslandi Hastings, 1939
  • Bugula decipiens Hayward, 1981
  • Bugula expansa Hastings, 1939
  • Bugula fastigiata Dalyell, 1847
  • Bugula fastigiata Kluge, 1929
  • Bugula gautieri Ryland, 1962
  • Bugula gnoma Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
  • Bugula hessei Hasenbank, 1932
  • Bugula ingens Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
  • Bugula intermedia Liu, 1984
  • Bugula longissima Busk, 1884
  • Bugula lophodendron Ortmann, 1890
  • Bugula migottoi Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
  • Bugula miniatella Winston & Woollacott, 2008
  • Bugula minima Waters, 1909
  • Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Bugula neritinoides Hastings, 1939
  • Bugula orientalis Liu, 1984
  • Bugula paternostrae Winston & Woollacott, 2008
  • Bugula philippsae Harmer, 1926
  • Bugula prismatica (Gray, 1843)
  • Bugula protensa Hayward, 1981
  • Bugula providensis Winston & Woollacott, 2008
  • Bugula robusta MacGillivray, 1869
  • Bugula robustoides Winston & Woollacott, 2008
  • Bugula rochae Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
  • Bugula scaphoides Kirkpatrick, 1890
  • Bugula scaphula Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001
  • Bugula simpliciformis Osburn, 1932
  • Bugula solorensis Winston & Woollacott, 2008
  • Bugula subglobosa Harmer, 1926
  • Bugula tschukotkensis Kluge, 1952
  • Bugula tsunamiensis McCuller, Carlton & Geller, 2018
  • Bugula umbelliformis Yanagi & Okada, 1918
  • Bugula vectifera Harmer, 1926
Former species
  • Bugula angustiloba (Lamarck, 1816) now classified as Bugulina angustiloba (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Bugula aperta (Hincks, 1886) now classified as Crisularia aperta (Hincks, 1886)
  • Bugula aquilirostris Ryland, 1960 now classified as Bugulina aquilirostris (Ryland, 1960)
  • Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) now classified as Bugulina avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Bugula bengalensis Rao & Ganapati, 1974 now classified as Crisularia bengalensis (Rao & Ganapati, 1974)
  • Bugula bicornis Busk, 1884 now classified as Camptoplites bicornis (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula borealis (Packard, 1863) now classified as Bugulina borealis (Packard, 1863)
  • Bugula bowiei Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012 now classified as Crisularia bowiei (Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012)
  • Bugula calathus Norman, 1868 now classified as Bugulina calathus (Norman, 1868)
  • Bugula californica Robertson, 1905 now classified as Bugulina californica (Robertson, 1905)
  • Bugula carvalhoi Marcus, 1949 now classified as Bugulina carvalhoi (Marcus, 1949)
  • Bugula cucullata Busk, 1867 now classified as Crisularia cucullata (Busk, 1867)
  • Bugula cucullifera Osburn, 1912 now classified as Crisularia cucullifera (Osburn, 1912)
  • Bugula cuspidata Hastings, 1943 now classified as Crisularia cuspidata (Hastings, 1943)
  • Bugula dentata (Lamouroux, 1816) now classified as Virididentula dentata (Lamouroux, 1816)
  • Bugula dispar Harmer, 1926 now classified as Crisularia dispar (Harmer, 1926)
  • Bugula ditrupae Busk, 1858 now classified as Bugulina ditrupae (Busk, 1858)
  • Bugula eburnea Calvet, 1906 now classified as Bugulina eburnea (Calvet, 1906)
  • Bugula elongata Nordgaard, 1906 now classified as Dendrobeania decorata (Verrill, 1879)
  • Bugula flabellata (Thompson, in Gray, 1848) now classified as Bugulina flabellata (Thompson, in Gray, 1848)
  • Bugula foliolata Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012 now classified as Bugulina foliolata (Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012)
  • Bugula fulva Ryland, 1960 now classified as Bugulina fulva (Ryland, 1960)
  • Bugula germanae (Calvet, 1902) now classified as Crisularia serrata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Bugula gracilis Busk, 1858 now classified as Crisularia gracilis (Busk, 1858)
  • Bugula grayi Maturo, 1966 now classified as Crisularia grayi (Maturo, 1966)
  • Bugula guara Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012 now classified as Crisularia guara (Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012)
  • Bugula harmsworthi Waters, 1900 now classified as Crisularia harmsworthi (Waters, 1900)
  • Bugula hyadesi Jullien, 1888 now classified as Crisularia hyadesi (Jullien, 1888)
  • Bugula japonica now classified as Dendrobeania japonica (Ortmann, 1890)
  • Bugula johnstonae (Gray, 1843) now classified as Halophila johnstonae Gray, 1843
  • Bugula leontodon Busk, 1884 now classified as Himantozoum leontodon (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula longicauda Harmer, 1926 now classified as Halophila longicauda (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula longirostrata Robertson, 1905 now classified as Bugulina longirostrata (Robertson, 1905)
  • Bugula marcusi Maturo, 1966 now classified as Crisularia marcusi (Maturo, 1966)
  • Bugula margaritifera Busk, 1884 now classified as Himantozoum margaritiferum (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula microoecia Osburn, 1914 now classified as Crisularia microoecia (Osburn, 1914)
  • Bugula mirabilis Busk, 1884 now classified as Himantozoum mirabilis (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula mollis Harmer, 1926 now classified as Crisularia mollis (Harmer, 1926)
  • Bugula multiserialis (d'Orbigny, 1841) now classified as Bugulina multiserialis (d'Orbigny, 1841)
  • Bugula nana Androsova, 1977 now classified as Crisularia nana (Androsova, 1977)
  • Bugula pacifica Robertson, 1905 now classified as Crisularia pacifica (Robertson, 1905)
  • Bugula pedata Harmer, 1926 now classified as Bugulina pedata (Harmer, 1926)
  • Bugula plumosa (Pallas, 1766) now classified as Crisularia plumosa (Pallas, 1766)
  • Bugula prenanti Castric-Fey, 1971 now classified as Crisularia prenanti (Castric-Fey, 1971)
  • Bugula pugeti Robertson, 1905 now classified as Bugulina pugeti (Robertson, 1905)
  • Bugula purpurotincta Norman, 1868 now classified as Crisularia purpurotincta (Norman, 1868)
  • Bugula reticulata Busk, 1884 now classified as Camptoplites reticulatus (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula rylandi Maturo, 1966 now classified as Crisularia rylandi (Maturo, 1966)
  • Bugula serrata (Lamarck, 1816) now classified as Crisularia serrata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886 now classified as Bugulina simplex (Hincks, 1886)
  • Bugula sinuosa Busk, 1884 now classified as Himantozoum sinuosum (Busk, 1884)
  • Bugula spicata (Hincks, 1886) now classified as Bugulina spicata (Hincks, 1886)
  • Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960 now classified as Bugulina stolonifera (Ryland, 1960)
  • Bugula tricuspis Kluge, 1955 now classified as Bugulina tricuspis (Kluge, 1955)
  • Bugula turbinata Alder, 1857 now classified as Bugulina turbinata (Alder, 1857)
  • Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848) now classified as Crisularia turrita (Desor, 1848)
  • Bugula versicolor Busk, 1884 now classified as Semidendrobeania versicolor (Busk, 1884)
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References

External links

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