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Burauen
Municipality in Leyte, Philippines From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Burauen (IPA: [bu'ɾaʊen]), officially the Municipality of Burauen (Waray: Bungto han Burauen; Tagalog: Bayan ng Burauen), is a First Income Class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 52,511 people.[5]
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Etymology
The name “Burauen” evolved from the word “haru” which means “spring”. This is because Burauen is the fountainhead of several rivers: the big Daguitan and Marabong rivers, the Guinarona and Hibuga rivers that pass through several neighboring towns, as well as several smaller ones. The legend behind the name speaks of a drought when several tributaries of these rivers dried up, forcing people to flock to a cluster of large springs in the town. The place was duly called “Buraburon” which, according to Justice Norberto Lopez Romualdez Sr., is the “multiplicative construction of the word “haru” (spring), which indicates “abundance”. Over the years, the name “Buraburon” (“having many springs”) evolved into “Burawon” and finally into “Burauen”.
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History
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Early settlers
Clandestine diggings conducted by antique hunters and verified by the National Museum archaeologists yield valuable artifacts consisting of chinaware and jars. Some of the discoveries were Stone Age artifacts and implements. These antiques and artifacts were found on the plateaus of both sides of the Kag-oloolo Brook of Barangay Patag and Villa Aurora, which were about 16 kilometers southwest of the poblacion of Burauen. Similar artifacts were found in Barangay Paghudlan which is 12 kilometers from the Kag-oloolo. The earlier diggings on the south western portion of the poblacion, and those in Barangay Tambuco and Armasen unearth several precious antiques. With the extensive presence of these artifacts over the said areas, the past locations of the early settlements in Burauen during the prehistoric epoch are indicated.
Spanish regime
The Jesuit friars discovered Burauen as settlement in the later part of 1595 when they used the community as a base in the Christianization of the central part of Leyte. Between years 1609 to 1616 Burauen was the most populous town of Leyte and Samar and it consistently registered the highest tax collection during the same period in the region. From Buraburon, the settlers were told by the Jesuit Missionaries to transfer to “Armasen” (meaning a trading place that is at the same time a granary), presently a sitio of Barangay Libas, which was similarly named today. Due to frequent flooding of the area by the Guinarona River, and to facilitate their “reducción de las visitas”, they transferred to the site of the present Barangay Malabca and led by Tamdon and his brother Hangdon who were the children of the last Rajah.
Filipino - American War
The short-lived Philippine Republic proclaimed on June 12, 1898, face a new enemy, the American who were pursuing their so-called “Manifest Destiny” The troops of the Revolutionary Army under General Ambrosio Mojica, realizing that their fortification of “estacas” (bamboo palisades) around the poblacion of Burauen were weak, they force to withdraw to the mountains. Several encounters occur during the Filipino-American War, the American burned the poblacion on July 4, 1900, sparing only the Catholic Church, its convent, the warehouses and the building of the Smith Bell and Co. and Chinese merchandizing. This incident made Burauen one of the strongholds of the “Pulahan” dissidents.
With the cessation of hostilities, the people devoted their efforts to the reconstruction of their homes and expansion of their farms to usher progress of the municipality. The productive endeavors of the people lured many enterprises to the town. The first Electric System and cinematographic house in Leyte and Samar were established in Burauen in 1916. In 1928 Burauen Academy, the first secondary school in the municipality was founded. The different municipal administrations of the time were able to put up irrigation system in 1912. Constructed a big public market in 1918, erect a concrete municipal building in 1925 and build concrete school building in 1928. the income of the municipality in 1918 to 1928 was bigger than the income of the whole province of Surigao, this due to the wide area of abacá plantation of that time. This boomtown prosperity of Burauen lasted until 1929 when the great depression took place.
World War II
The outbreak of World War II stunted the economic growth of Burauen. The Japanese Military encamped the eastern part of the poblacion there were many encounters between the Japanese forces and the guerillas who were firmly established in their mountain strongholds. In August 1944, the Japanese established a "comfort station" in the town, where the invaders enslaved local girls, teens, and young adults into becoming sex slaves called "comfort women", who were routinely gang-raped and murdered by Japanese soldiers.[6][7][8] During the Allied Forces liberation of Leyte on October 20, 1944, Burauen was among the most heavily devastated towns in Leyte, thousands of civilians were killed and a number of properties were destroyed.
Post-war period to present
Rising from the ruins of war, the municipality rehabilitated its homes and agriculture, hand in hand with the improvement of its institution and facilities. In 1946, the Burauen High School was founded, followed by the rehabilitation of the Gabaldon school building, and the construction and operation of the water system in 1948. The private sector contributed in the field of education in 1950 the Burauen Institute and the Rizal Colleges were founded. The progress of the town suffered a setback in the middle part of 1951 when a very strong typhoon hit Burauen, which was followed by four others that were equally ravaging. In 1952, despite financial hardships, the municipal government was able to repair the municipal building from its own funds but generally, the recovery of the municipality was very slow. On March 2, 1962, the Rural Bank of Burauen was established, the first rural bank in Leyte and Samar. A decade after, on April 1, 1972, the Burauen District Hospital was opened to accept its first patient. During the intervening years and onward, road and bridges construction and street concreting in the poblacion and the Barangays alike were pursued, together with the construction of school building and health centers. The public market area as well as the irrigation system was expanded.
Timeline
In 1595, Spanish Jesuit Friars discovered the settlement of Burauen. Its community was used as their base in the Christianisation on the central part of Leyte.
Between the years 1609 to 1616 Burauen was the most populous town of Leyte and Samar and it consistently registered the highest tax collection during the same period in the region.
In 1873, from being a missionary church under the diocese of Dagami, Burauen was carved out and declared as a separate town.
In 1912, municipal administrations of that time were able to put up irrigation system.
In 1916, the first electric system and cinematographic house in Leyte and Samar was established in Burauen.
In 1918, La Paz detached itself from Burauen to become an independent municipality.
In 1928, the Burauen Academy, the first secondary school in the municipality was founded.
In 1949, or just a few years after world war 2, President Elpidio Quirino issued an executive order no.278 separating Julita from burauen. In 1962, the Rural Bank of Burauen was established. Making it the very first rural bank in both islands of Samar and Leyte.
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Geography
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Burauen is located in the central part of Leyte Island, bounded to the north by Dagami and Tabon-tabon, on the east by Julita, south by La Paz and Macarthur, on the west by Albuera and Ormoc City and on the southwest by Baybay City.
Barangays
Burauen is politically subdivided into 77 barangays. [9] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
- Abuyogon
- Anonang
- Arado
- Balao
- Balatson
- Balorinay
- Bobon
- Buenavista
- Buri
- Caanislagan
- Cadahunan
- Cagangon
- Calao
- Cali
- Calsadahay
- Candag-on
- Cansiboy
- Catagbacan
- Dumalag
- Damulu-an
- Dina-ayan
- Esperansa
- Gamay
- Gitablan
- Hapunan
- Hibonawan
- Hugpa East
- Hugpa West
- Ilihan
- Kagbana
- Kalipayan
- Kaparasanan
- Laguiwan
- Libas
- Limburan
- Logsongan
- Maabab
- Maghubas
- Mahagnao
- Malabca
- Malaguinabot
- Malaihao
- Matin-ao
- Moguing
- Poblacion District I
- Poblacion District II
- Poblacion District III
- Poblacion District IV
- Poblacion District V
- Poblacion District VI
- Poblacion District VII
- Poblacion District VIII
- Poblacion District IX
- Paghudlan
- Paitan
- Pangdan
- Patag
- Patong
- Pawa
- Roxas
- Sambel
- San Esteban
- San Fernando
- San Jose East
- San Jose West
- San Pablo
- Tabuanon
- Tagadtaran
- Taghuyan
- Takin
- Tambis
- Tambuko
- Toloyao
- Villa Aurora
- Villa Corazon
- Villa Patria
- Villa Rosas
Climate
Demographics
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The municipality of Burauen, Leyte had a total population of 52,511 persons based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH). The household population of 52,359 persons comprised 99.7 percent of the total population recorded as of the time of census-taking.[15]
Of the 52,359 household population in Burauen, Leyte, 26,930 (51.4%) were males while 25,429 (48.6%) were females. By age group, 17,593 (33.6%) were under 15 years of age (young dependents). On the other hand, persons aged 15 to 64 years (working-age or economically-active population) totaled to 31,650 (60.4%) while those in age groups 65 years and over (old dependents) comprised the remaining 3,116 (6.0%). In 2015, persons aged 0 to 14 years, 15 to 64 years, and 65 years and over accounted for 34.3 percent, 60.2 percent, and 5.5 percent, respectively, of the household.[15]
Moreover, there were more males (47.5%) than females (43.4%) among the 0 to 59 age group. However, among the older age group (60 years and over), females (5.2%) outnumbered the males (3.9%). The same trend was also observed in 2015.[15]
Sex ratio stands at 106 males per 100 females
The sex ratio in Burauen, Leyte was computed at 106 in 2020. This means that there were 106 males for every 100 females. The sex ratio in 2015 was also computed at 106 males per 100 females.[15]
In 2020, children aged below 15 years had a sex ratio of 108 males per 100 females. On the other hand, those aged 15 to 64 years had a sex ratio of 110 males per 100 females. Moreover, among those aged 65 years and over, the sex ratio was 65 males per 100 females. This depicts a longer life expectancy among females than males or a higher mortality rate among males than females in the older age groups.[15]
There were more males than females in children under five years old
The sex ratio for children under five years old in 2020 was 110 males per 100 females, higher than the 2015 ratio of 109 males per 100 females. Additionally, children under five comprised 11.3 percent (5,910 persons) of the household population in 2020, a decrease from 11.7 percent (6,190 persons) in 2015.[15]
Median age measures at 23.0 years
The median age of Burauen, Leyte household population continues to increase during the past three censuses. In 2020, the median age was computed at 23.0 years, which means that half of the household population was younger than 23.0 years, while the other half is older than 23.0 years. This is higher than the median ages of 22.2 and 21.7 years that was posted in 2015 and 2010, respectively.[15]
Dependency ratio decreases to 65 dependents per 100 persons in the working-age group
The 2020 overall dependency ratio of Burauen, Leyte was computed at 65, which indicates that for every 100 working-age or economically-active population, there were about 65 dependents (55 young dependents and 10 old dependents). This is lower than the dependency ratio in 2015, which was recorded at 66 dependents per 100 working-age population (57 young dependents and 9 old dependents).[15]
Two in every five household population are of school age
In 2020, the school-age population (5 to 24 years old) accounted for 21,481 (41.0%) of the household population which is lower compared to the 22,422 (42.5%) school-age population that was reported in 2015. Moreover, there were more males (51.6%) than females (48.4%) of the school-age population in 2020.[15]
Senior citizens accounts for 9.1 percent of the household population
In Burauen, Leyte, people aged 60 years old and over are regarded as senior citizens, made up 9.1 percent (4,784 persons) of the household population in 2020, lower than the 8.0 percent (4,221 persons) recorded in 2015. There were more females (57.0%) than males (43.0%) among the senior citizens in 2020. The same trend was observed in 2015.[15]
Nearly half of the female population are of reproductive age
Women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) totaled to 12,198 or 48.0 percent of the 25,429 female household population in 2020. This percentage was lower compared to the 48.8 percent or 12,492 females posted in 2015.In 2020, the school-age population (5 to 24 years old) accounted for 21,481 (41.0%) of the household population which is lower compared to the 22,422 (42.5%) school-age population that was reported in 2015. Moreover, there were more males (51.6%) than females (48.4%) of the school-age population in 2020.[15]
Aging index is higher by 3.9 percentage points from 23.3 in 2015 to 27.2 in 2020
In Burauen, Leyte, the aging index or the proportion of persons aged 60 years and over per 100 persons under the age of 15 years was computed at 27.2 percent in 2020. This means that there is about one (1) person aged 60 years and over for every four (4) children under 15 years old.[15]
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Religion
Burauen's population are predominantly Roman Catholics while the remaining are Protestants of various denominations either adherents of the non-trinitarian sect Iglesia ni Cristo, Mormons, Baptists, Menonites and others.
Economy
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Burauen's economy predominantly relies on agriculture. Before Typhoon Haiyan struck the Province of Leyte, Copra and Abaca were the most valued traded goods of the town. But after the onslaught, most Abaca and Coconut crops were heavily devastated, coupled with plaguing disease on Abaca. People shifted to commerce and services. Today, Burauen has a vibrant commerce industry contributing a significant amount to the local economy.
Tourism is a growing economic driver in Burauen, currently undergoing enhancement and continuous development. With extensive promotion and expert support, the town is off to a good start in marketing itself as the spring capital of Leyte.
LSR (Locally Sourced Revenue)
Burauen was able to achieve a historical feat by generating more than a hundred million in Locally Sourced Revenue for two consecutive years and topping the list of all Municipalities in Eastern Visayas by Generated LSR Value for the year 2023. As such, the town was able to pass the required criteria for cityhood, making the town eligible to file a cityhood bill.
CMCI - Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index
According to the Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index Report, Burauen has consistently been one of the top performers in the region and in the province since the ranking started in 2013. The town has been the top performer in Leyte for the selected years of 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021. Making it the only town in the province to hold the top spot for 3 consecutive years and another one in the year 2021, making the total of 4 1st placements and consistently being in the top 10 since CMCI started in 2013.[16]
Cities and municipalities competitiveness index ranking
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Environment, sanitation, and natural resources
Municipal sanitary land fill site
With the enactment of RA-9003 otherwise known as The Ecological and Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, and in compliance as mandated by the law, the Local Government Unit of the Municipality of Burauen has constructed 1.20 hectares of land for the Municipality’s Sanitary Land Fill Site (SLFS) at Brgy. Gamay. The constructed Land Fill Site is in accordance to the national standard in so far as to the waste/garbage disposal is concerned. It has the necessary Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (EMB-DENR). The SLFS was open for operation on April 2015.[17]
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Infrastructure
According to the 2019 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index, Burauen posted the highest score in the province and second in the region in terms of infrastructure quality and development.[16]
The town's roadways are mostly paved, with a few remaining upland and lowland areas unpaved due to several factors, such as land disputes and budgetary constraints. Almost each barangay has adequate public infrastructure, including covered public basketball courts that also serve as evacuation centers during calamities.
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Tourism
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_and_Mahagnao_Village_(Right).jpg)
The Local Government Unit of Burauen has been consulting with industry experts on how to develop the town's eco-tourism sites in a sustainable manner to carry out the Burauen Eco-tourism and Sustainable Tourism (BEST) project.
With extensive promotion and backing of experts, Burauen is off to a good start in its goal to market and cement the town's status as the spring capital of Leyte.
Other identified eco-tourism sites are in the villages of Matin-ao, Tambis, Villa Rosas, Abuyogon, Cansiboy, and Kagbana. These areas are seen as an addition to a site proclaimed as a national park in 1937. Notable persons supporting the initiative are former actress and UN Sustainable Development Goals Advocate Antonette Taus, former Tourism Secretary Mina Gabor, and Asean Center for Biodiversity Director Mundita Lim.
Attractions
Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park
Burauen's upland territories are composed of wetland forests that contain thousands of century old trees, unique species of birds and mammals, plants and marine species mostly scattered inside Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park. It is also has with many natural sites such as lakes, mountain ranges, rivers, waterfalls, hot springs and a volcano.[citation needed] MVNP has an elevation of 1,200 meters above sea level and an area of 635 hectares, within the boundaries of Burauen, La Paz and McArthur towns.
Mahagnao Volcano
Mahagnao Volcano is a dormant volcano located in Barangay Mahagnao, more than 30 km away from the town proper. Although the volcano has been inactive, it is still classified as potentially active due to the active thermal features of the mountain. Tourist are allowed to hike on its peak.
Malagsum Lake
This lake is smaller compared to the other one. It is a highly acidic lake which contains high level of sulfuric acid making it impossible for marine lives or some organisms to thrive. Except for the hundreds to thousands of wild docks making it as breeding ground or a home for migratory birds during migrating season.[citation needed]
Mahagnao Lake
This lake serves as the main source of marine products for the locals and also the center of its tourism activities. Several resorts owned privately or by community associations are on the lakeshore.[citation needed]
Matigbao Lake
It is the smallest of the three lakes inside the park. But it is also the farthest and the most challenging to have a trek. Due to being isolated, the environment is quite different from what commonly seen in the rest of the park. There are numerous species of plants and insects thriving within the vicinity (such as dragonflies).[citation needed]
Calor Hot spring
The spring is just located at the southern foot of the volcano. It was a system of springs heated by an active thermal feature. Thus, creating a hot spring that merges to another system of spring creating a river of hot spring.[citation needed]
Guin-aniban Falls
The waterfall is located few kilometers on the southeast. It is the water from the Mahagnao lake which is passing to systems of rivers then merge before approaching on the mouth of the cliff creating a water fall that directly flow on the larger river called Marabong.[citation needed]
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Heritage and Historical Monuments
Norberto Romualdez Sr. park
In his honor, June 6 every year was declared Norberto Romualdez Sr. Day.
On June 14, 2024, Mayor Juanito E. Renomeron inaugurated the restored 177-square meter park built in 1975, beside the 1600 Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church along the corner of Santa Ana and Ave Maria Streets, the exact site of his 1800s ancestral house. It is named after Norberto Romualdez. It was first improved in 2022 with the assistance of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines assistance.[18] Romualdez' monument with a 1975 NHCP installed marker stands as the centerpiece with pavilion, concrete benches and a path walk.[19]
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Healthcare
Burauen healthcare needs are served by both the private and government owned health institutions.
- Burauen District Hospital (managed by the Provincial Government of Leyte)
- Burauen Rural Heath Unit (managed by the LGU of Burauen)
- Barangay Health Centers (with presence in each barangays of Burauen)
- Burauen Health and Wellness Hospital (Underconstruction as of August 2024 funded by LGU)
While there are also several Private health facilities that catering Burawanons and nearby towns scattered all over the Poblacion.
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Education
Burauen's educational institutions is one of the largest when it comes to the size of enrollment and the teacher to student ratio. The town is served by both public and private educational institutions.
Tertiary
- EVSU-Burauen Campus
- Burauen Community College
- TESDA Burauen (Vocational)
Secondary
- Burauen Comprehensive National Highschool (BCNHS)
- Burauen National Highschool (BNHS)
- Hibunauan National Highschool
- Buraburon National Highschool
- Armasen National Highschool
Primary
- Immaculate Conception Academy of Burauen Inc.
- Morningside School
- Leyte Samar Center for Change Foundation Inc.
- Saint Claire Child Development Center Burauen Leyte Inc.
- All of Burauen's 77 barangays have public primary schools. These schools are governed and shared by the town's three school districts, namely Burauen North, Burauen South, and Burauen East, under the supervision of DepEd Leyte Second Division.
References
External links
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