Homeobox protein CDX-1

Homeobox protein CDX-1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CDX1 gene.^[5][6] CDX-1 is expressed in the developing endoderm and its expression persists in the intestine throughout adulthood.^[7] CDX-1 protein expression varies along the intestine, with high expression in intestinal crypts and diminishing expression along intestinal villi.^[8]

CDX1
Identifiers
Aliases	CDX1, caudal type homeobox 1, Homeobox protein CDX-1
External IDs	OMIM: 600746; MGI: 88360; HomoloGene: 1366; GeneCards: CDX1; OMA:CDX1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human)[1] Band 5q32 Start 150,166,778 bp[1] End 150,184,558 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse)[2] Band 18 E1|18 34.41 cM Start 61,151,934 bp[2] End 61,169,271 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in mucosa of transverse colon rectum mucosa of ileum mucosa of sigmoid colon duodenum gonad jejunal mucosa testicle epithelium of colon appendix Top expressed in left colon crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine ileum primitive streak Ileal epithelium duodenum Paneth cell jejunum embryo migratory enteric neural crest cell More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA-binding transcription factor activity RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific methyl-CpG binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component nucleus Biological process animal organ morphogenesis multicellular organism development pattern specification process bone morphogenesis cell differentiation anterior/posterior axis specification regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of somitogenesis positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II anterior/posterior pattern specification transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1044 12590 Ensembl ENSG00000113722 ENSMUSG00000024619 UniProt P47902 P18111 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001804 NM_009880 RefSeq (protein) NP_001795 NP_034010 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 150.17 – 150.18 Mb Chr 18: 61.15 – 61.17 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor family. The encoded DNA-binding protein regulates intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene, and inhibit beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity.^[6]

CDX1 has also been shown to play an important role in embryonic epicardial development. It has been demonstrated that CDX proteins suppress cardiac differentiation in both zebrafish and mouse embryonic stem cells, but the overall mechanism for how this happens is poorly understood.^[9] However, CDX1 has been shown to be transiently expressed in the embryonic heart 11.5 days post coitum (dpc). This transient expression is thought to induce epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and thus proper cardiovascular formation. It has been shown that low-dose CDX1 induction caused enhanced migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into vascular smooth muscle, where as continued high dose induction of CDX1 or CDX1 deficiency diminished the ability of these cells to migrate and differentiate into smooth muscle by the actions of TGF-β1. Furthermore, CDX1 induction also altered transcript expression of genes related to cell adhesions for EMT and angiogenesis.^[10] Therefore, along with its known roles in intestinal patterning and differentiation, CDX1 is also shown to be important in epicardial development.