Capreolinae

The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.^[1] The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in Central Asia.^[2]

Capreolinae Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Subfamily:	Capreolinae Brookes, 1828
Genera
Alces Blastocerus Capreolus Hippocamelus Hydropotes Mazama Odocoileus Ozotoceros Pudella Pudu Rangifer
Synonyms
Odocoileinae

Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes reindeer, moose, and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.

Classification

The following extant genera and species are recognized:^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]}

• Tribe Capreolini
  • Genus Capreolus
    • Western roe deer (C. capreolus)
    • Eastern roe deer (C. pygargus)
  • Genus Hydropotes
    • Water deer (H. inermis)
• Tribe Alceini
  • Genus Alces
    • Moose or Eurasian elk (A. alces)
    • †Gallic moose (A. gallicus)
• Tribe Odocoileini
  • Genus Rangifer
    • Caribou/reindeer (R. tarandus)
  • Genus Odocoileus
    • Mule deer (O. hemionus)
    • White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
    • Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora)
    • †American mountain deer (O. lucasi)
  • Genus Blastocerus
    • Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
  • Genus Hippocamelus
    • Taruca (H. antisensis)
    • South Andean deer or huemul (H. bisulcus)
  • Genus Mazama
    • Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)
    • Northern Venezuelan brocket (M. cita, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Ecuador brocket (M. murelia, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Isla San Jose brocket (M. permira, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Colombian brocket (M. sanctaemartae, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Brazilian brocket (M. superciliaris, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Peruvian brocket (M. tschudii, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Rodon (M. rondoni, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
    • Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
    • Central American red brocket (M. temama)
    • Small red brocket or bororo (M. bororo)
    • Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
    • Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
    • Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
    • Little red brocket (M. rufina)
    • American red brocket (M. americana) (This species has found to be closer to Odocoileus than other brockets.)^[6]
    • Ecuador red brocket (Mazama gualea, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
    • Brazilian red brocket (M. jucunda, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
    • Trinidad red brocket (M. trinitatis, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
    • Southern red brocket (Mazama whitelyi, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
    • Peruvian red brocket (Mazama zamora, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
    • Colombian red brocket (Mazama zetta, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  • Genus Ozotoceros
    • Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
  • Genus Pudu
    • Southern pudu (P. pudu)
  • Genus Pudella
    • Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae)
    • Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)

Extinct genera

• †Agalmaceros
• †Antifer
• †Bretzia
• †Cervalces
  • †C. carnutorum
  • †C. scotti
  • †C. latifrons
• †Eocoileus^{[citation needed]}
• †Libralces
• †Morenelaphus
• †Pavlodaria^{[citation needed]}
• †Procapreolus^{[citation needed]}
• †Torontoceros