Castronovo di Sicilia

Castronovo di Sicilia (Sicilian: Castrunovu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian Autonomous Region of Sicily, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Palermo.

Castronovo di Sicilia
Comune
Comune di Castronovo di Sicilia
Coat of arms
Location of Castronovo di Sicilia
Castronovo di Sicilia Location of Castronovo di Sicilia in Italy Show map of Italy Castronovo di Sicilia Castronovo di Sicilia (Sicily) Show map of Sicily
Coordinates: 37°40′N 13°36′E
Country	Italy
Region	Sicily
Metropolitan city	Palermo (PA)
Frazioni	Marcatobianco
Government
• Mayor	Vito Sinatra
Area [1]
• Total	201.04 km2 (77.62 sq mi)
Elevation	660 m (2,170 ft)
Population  (30 November 2021[2])[3]
• Total	2,865
Demonym	Castronovesi
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	90030
Dialing code	091
Patron saint	Vitale[4][a]
Saint day	March 9[4][a]
Website	Official website
Unofficial

Etymology

Castronovo di Sicilia, alternatively spelled as "Castronuovo" possibly derives its name from medieval Latin castrum, meaning "fortress", and nuovo meaning "new". Càstro also translates to "castle" in Corsican, an Italian dialect similar to Sicilian.

History

The land surrounding Castronovo di Sicilia has been occupied since antiquity, with excavations having uncovered pottery dating back to the fifth century BCE. The area is rumored to be the site of the ancient Sicani city of Crastus. Historians believe that the Falaride tribe of Agrigento had a fortress built that marked the limit between the Carthaginian, Agrigento and Syracuse (Greek) territories. The settlement was demolished by Roman occupiers in retaliation for slave revolts during the servile wars around 105 BCE. The surviving population of Crastus dispersed over the entire territory of present-day Castronovo.^[5]

Castronovo likely gets its name from the nearby Castello di Castronovo di Sicilia, a fortress complex fortified by Byzantine occupiers during the Muslim conquest of Sicily. In 1154, the site was recorded by Arab cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi as Qasr nubu.^[6] Government records describe the settlement known as "Il Cassero" or "Kassar" as a "partially Hellenized indigenous settlement then occupied in the Middle Ages."^[7][8][9] The fortification lies directly above a castle occupied by Roman, Byzantine, Arab, and Norman elites over the centuries, now known as Colle San Vitale.^[10] Historians have attributed, with "acceptable certainty", a nearby bridge to the Roman period.^[6] Liturgical records^[11] indicate that Jordan, son of Norman conqueror Roger I, captured the fort (recorded as "Castrum Novum") on his way to capture Muslim Syracuse.