Centroleninae

Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae.^[1][2] It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species.^[1]

Centroleninae
Centrolene buckleyi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Centrolenidae
Subfamily:	Centroleninae Taylor, 1951
Type genus
Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
Diversity
9 genera (see text)

Taxonomy

Centroleninae are defined based on molecular and morphological characteristics, none of which are obvious to a naked eye. However, in several species a fighting behaviour that might be synapomorphy has been observed: males dangle by their feet and grapple venter-to-venter; amplexus-like or wrestling on leaves fighting of Hyalinobatrachinae is hypothesized to be primitive behaviour. Their sister taxon is ambiguous, it is either genus Ikakogi or subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae.^[3]

Genera

There are nine genera:^[1]

• Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (29 sp.)
• Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (2 sp.)
• Cochranella Taylor, 1951 (9 sp.)
• Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
• Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007 (38 sp.)
• Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (6 sp.)
• Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
• Teratohyla Taylor, 1951 (5 sp.)
• Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (10 sp.)

Several species have uncertain generic placement and are placed in Centroleninae Incertae Sedis, awaiting for more information:^[1]

• "Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1989)
• "Centrolene" azulae (Flores and McDiarmid, 1989)
• "Centrolene" guanacarum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
• "Centrolene" medemi (Cochran and Goin, 1970)
• "Centrolene" petrophilum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
• "Centrolene" quindianum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
• "Centrolene" robledoi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
• "Cochranella" duidaeana (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
• "Cochranella" euhystrix (Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)
• "Cochranella" geijskesi (Goin, 1966)
• "Cochranella" megista (Rivero, 1985)
• "Cochranella" ramirezi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
• "Cochranella" riveroi (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
• "Cochranella" xanthocheridia Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995

The AmphibiaWeb includes Ikakogi Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 in this subfamily,^[4] whereas it is not included in any subfamily in the Amphibian Species of the World.^[5]