China Area Fleet

The China Area Fleet (支那方面艦隊, Shina Hōmen Kantai) was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy organized after the Battle of Shanghai. It reported directly to the Imperial General Headquarters and had the same organizational level as the Combined Fleet. This article handles their predecessor fleet the Southern Qing Fleet (南清艦隊, Nanshin Kantai), China Expeditionary Fleet (遣支艦隊, Kenshi Kantai) and 1st/2nd Expeditionary Fleet (第一/第二遣外艦隊, Daiichi/Daini Kengai Kantai) also.

China Area Fleet
Active	20 October 1937 – 9 September 1945
Country	Empire of Japan
Branch	Imperial Japanese Navy
Battle honours	Pacific Theatre of World War II
Commanders
Notable commanders	Shigetarō Shimada Mineichi Koga

Organizations of the China Area Fleet and Subordinate Units

China Area Fleet

Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Lower units, vessels and elements
20 October 1937 (original)	Imperial General Headquarters	3rd Fleet, 4th Fleet, 1st Carrier Division, 2nd Carrier Division, 3rd Carrier Division, 1st Combined Air Group, 2nd Combined Air Group
1 February 1938	Imperial General Headquarters	3rd Fleet, 4th Fleet, 5th Fleet
15 November 1939	Imperial General Headquarters	1st China Expeditionary Fleet, 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet, 3rd China Expeditionary Fleet, 13th Division, 2nd Combined Air Group, Shanghai Area Base Force, Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force
10 December 1941	Imperial General Headquarters	Coast defence ship Izumo, 1st China Expeditionary Fleet, 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet, 3rd China Expeditionary Fleet, 13th Gunboat Division, 14th Gunboat Division, 1st Motor gunboat Division, 2nd Motor gunboat Division, Shanghai Area Base Force, Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force, Zhōushān Island Guard Unit, Shanghai Port office
1 April 1943	Imperial General Headquarters	Cruiser Izumo, 1st China Expeditionary Fleet, 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet, Qingdao Area Special Base Force, Shanghai Area Base Force, Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force
1 April 1944	Imperial General Headquarters	Cruiser Izumo, 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet, Qingdao Area Special Base Force, Shanghai Area Base Force, Yangtze River Area Base Force, Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force, Shanghai Naval Air Group, Qingdao Naval Air Group, 256th Naval Air Group, 2nd Weather Observation Unit
1 June 1945	Supreme Headquarters of the Navy	2nd China Expeditionary Fleet, Qingdao Area Special Base Force, Shanghai Area Base Force, Yangtze River Area Base Force, Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force
9 September 1945	Surrendered.

Commanders of the China Area Fleet

#	Commander-in-Chief		Dates		Previous Post	Next Post	Notes
1		Admiral Hasegawa Kiyoshi 長谷川清	20 October 1937	25 April 1938	3rd Fleet	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Remained Commander-in-chief 3rd Fleet for duration of posting.
2		Vice-Admiral Oikawa Koshirō 及川古志郎	25 April 1938	1 May 1940	Director Naval Aviation Bureau	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Also Commander-in-chief 3rd Fleet until 15 November 1939 Promoted to Admiral 15 November 1939
3		Vice-Admiral Shimada Shigetarō 嶋田繁太郎	1 May 1940	1 September 1941	Commander-in-chief Kure Naval District	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Promoted to Admiral 15 November 1940
4		Vice-Admiral Koga Mineichi 古賀峯一	1 September 1941	10 November 1942	Commander-in-chief 2nd Fleet	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Promoted to Admiral 1 May 1942
5		Admiral Yoshida Zengo 吉田善吾	10 November 1942	1 December 1943	Naval Councilor	Naval Councilor
6		Admiral Kondō Nobutake 近藤信竹	1 December 1943	15 May 1945	Naval Councilor	Naval Councilor
7		Vice-Admiral Fukuda Ryōzō 福田良三	15 May 1945	9 September 1945	Commander-in-chief Takao Guard District

• Chief of staff

#	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Rear-Admiral	Rokuzō Sugiyama	20 October 1937	Chief of staff of the 3rd Fleet
2	Rear-Admiral	Jin'ichi Kusaka	25 April 1938	Chief of staff of the 3rd Fleet
3	Rear-Admiral Vice-Admiral	Shigeyoshi Inoue	23 October 1939 15 November 1939	Chief of staff of the 3rd Fleet
4	Rear-Admiral Vice-Admiral	Denshichi Ōkawachi	1 October 1940 15 November 1940
5	Vice-Admiral	Minoru Tayui	16 March 1942
6	Vice-Admiral	Kanji Ugaki	1 September 1943
7	Vice-Admiral	Naomasa Sakonju	15 December 1944

1st China Expeditionary Fleet

The 1st China Expeditionary Fleet (第一遣支艦隊, Dai-Ichi Kenshi Kantai) was reorganized from the 3rd Fleet on 15 November 1939. Their role was the guard of the coast in China at first, however, it changed for the guard in the down stream area of the Yangtze River. Describe 3rd Fleet, 1st China Expeditionary Fleet and successor unit the Yangtze River Area Base Force (揚子江方面根拠地隊, Yōsukō Hōmen Konkyochitai) in this section.

• Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Unit name	Lower units, vessels and elements
2 February 1932 (original)	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	3rd Fleet	Coast defence ship Izumo, Cruiser Ōi, Tatsuta, Collier Muroto, Collier Noshima, Oiler Notoro, Naruto, Food supply ship Mamiya, 1st Expeditionary Fleet, 2nd Expeditionary Fleet, 3rd Division, 1st Carrier Division, 1st Destroyer Squadron, 26th Destroyer Division
20 October 1937	China Area Fleet	3rd Fleet	Coast defence ship Izumo, 11th Division, 3rd Destroyer Squadron, Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force
15 November 1939	China Area Fleet	1st China Expeditionary Fleet (renamed and reorganized)	11th Division, Hankou Area Base Force, Jiujiang Base Unit
15 November 1940	China Area Fleet	1st China Expeditionary Fleet	Gunboat Ataka, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Atami, Futami, Fushimi, Sumida, Hankou Area Base Force
20 August 1943	China Area Fleet	Yangtze River Area Base Force (renamed and reorganized)	Gunboat Fushimi, Sumida, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Atami, Futami, Suma, Tatara, Narumi, Jiujiang Guard Unit
1 June 1945	China Area Fleet	Yangtze River Area Base Force	Gunboat Fushimi, Sumida, 21st Gunboat Division, 22nd Gunboat Division, 23rd Gunboat Division, 24th Gunboat Division, Jiujiang Guard Unit
9 September 1945	Surrendered.

Commanders of the 3rd Fleet

	Commander-in-Chief		Dates		Previous Post	Next Post	Notes
1		Vice-Admiral Nomura Kichisaburō 野村吉三郎	2 February 1932	28 June 1932	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Relieved after being blinded in eye during the Hongkou Park bombing 29 April 1932.
2		Vice-Admiral Sakonji Seizō 左近司政三	28 June 1932	1 December 1932		Commander-in-chief Sasebo Naval District
3		Vice-Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai 米内光政	1 December 1932	15 September 1933	Commander Chinkai Guard District	Attendant Navy General Staff
4		Vice-Admiral Imamura Nobujirō	15 September 1933	15 November 1934		Commander-in-chief Sasebo Naval District
5		Vice-Admiral Hyakutake Gengo 百武源吾	15 November 1934	1 December 1935	Commander-in-chief Maizuru Guard District	Commander-in-chief Sasebo Naval District
6		Vice-Admiral Oikawa Koshirō 及川古志郎	1 December 1935	1 December 1936		Director Naval Aviation Bureau
7		Admiral Hasegawa Kiyoshi 長谷川清	1 December 1936	25 April 1938	Vice-Minister of the Navy	Commander-in-chief Yokosuka Naval District	Also Commander-in-chief China Area Fleet after 20 October 1937
8		Vice-Admiral Oikawa Koshirō 及川古志郎	25 April 1938	15 November 1939	Chief Naval Aviation Bureau	Commander-in-chief China Area Fleet	Also Commander-in-chief China Area Fleet

Commander in chief 1st China Expeditionary Fleet and commander (Yangtze River Area Base Force)

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
9	Vice-Admiral	Umatarō Tanimoto	15 November 1939	Commander of the 11th Division
10	Vice-Admiral	Boshirō Hosogaya	15 November 1940
11	Vice-Admiral	Marquis Teruhisa Komatsu	5 July 1941
12	Vice-Admiral	Kakusaburō Makita	14 February 1942
13	Vice-Admiral	Yoshikazu Endō	9 March 1943
14	Vice-Admiral	Ichirō Ōno	20 August 1943
15	Vice-Admiral	Kōichirō Hatakeyama	20 March 1944
16	Vice-Admiral	Torao Sawada	21 November 1944

• Chief of staff (3rd Fleet and 1st China Expeditionary Fleet)

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Rear-Admiral	Shigetarō Shimada	2 February 1932
2	Captain Rear-Admiral	Shigeru Kikuno	28 June 1932 1 December 1932
3	Rear-Admiral	Seizaburō Mitsui	1 April 1933
4	Captain	Shirō Takasu	15 November 1933
5	Captain Rear-Admiral	Eijirō Kondō	15 November 1934 15 November 1935
6	Rear-Admiral	Seiichi Iwamura	2 December 1935
7	Captain Rear-Admiral	Rokuzō Sugiyama	16 November 1936 1 December 1936 20 October 1937	Chief of staff of the China Area Fleet
8	Rear-Admiral	Jin'ichi Kusaka	25 April 1938	Chief of staff of the China Area Fleet
9	Rear-Admiral	Shigeyoshi Inoue	23 October 1939	Chief of staff of the China Area Fleet
10	Rear-Admiral	Shigenori Horiuchi	15 November 1939
11	Captain Rear-Admiral	Shin'ichi Ichise	15 October 1940 15 November 1940 11 August 1941 15 January 1942	Commander of the Hankou Area Base Force
12	Rear-Admiral	Gunji Kogure	25 July 1942
x	Demotion to Area Base Force.		20 August 1943

2nd China Expeditionary Fleet

The 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet (第二遣支艦隊, Dai-Ni Kenshi Kantai) was reorganized from the 5th Fleet on 15 November 1939. The 5th Fleet was reinforcements for 3rd Fleet and 4th Fleet. Their role was the guard and invasion of South China. The 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet kept appearance of a fleet until the end of war.

• Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Unit name	Lower units, vessels and elements
1 February 1938 (original)	China Area Fleet	5th Fleet	9th Division, 10th Division, 3rd Carrier Division, 4th Carrier Division, 5th Destroyer Squadron
15 December 1938	China Area Fleet	5th Fleet	9th Division, 5th Destroyer Squadron, C.M. Seaplane tender Kamikawa Maru, 3rd Combined Air Group, 14th Air Group, 16th Air Group, 2nd Base Force, 3rd Base Force
15 November 1939	China Area Fleet	2nd China Expeditionary Fleet (renamed and reorganized)	15th Division, 3rd Combined Air Group, Xiamen Area Base Force, Guangdong Area Base Force, Hainan Area Base Force
10 December 1941	China Area Fleet	2nd China Expeditionary Fleet	15th Division, Xiamen Base Force, Guangdong Base Force
1 January 1944	China Area Fleet	2nd China Expeditionary Fleet	Gunboat Saga, Hashidate, Hong Kong Special Base Force, Hong Kong Port office, Guangdong Guard Unit, Hainan Guard Unit, 254th Naval Air Group, 15th Guard Unit, 16th Guard Unit, 4th Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Force, 1st Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force, 1st Maizuru Special Naval Landing Force
9 September 1945	Surrendered.

Commanders of the 5th Fleet

	Commander-in-Chief		Dates		Previous Post	Next Post	Notes
1		Vice-Admiral Shiozawa Kōichi 塩沢幸一	1 February 1938	15 December 1938	Attendant Navy General Staff	Director Navy Technical Bureau
2		Vice-Admiral Kondō Nobutake 近藤信竹	15 December 1938	29 September 1939		Attendant Navy General Staff
3		Vice-Admiral Takasu Shirō 高須四郎	29 September 1939	15 November 1939	Headmaster Naval War College	Commander-in-chief 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet

Commanders of the 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
3	Vice-Admiral	Shirō Takasu	15 November 1939
4	Vice-Admiral	Yorio Sawamoto	15 October 1940
5	Vice-Admiral	Masaichi Niimi	4 April 1941
6	Vice-Admiral	Kiyoshi Hara	14 July 1942
7	Vice-Admiral	Daisuke Soejima	21 June 1943
8	Vice-Admiral	Ruitarō Fujita	25 April 1945

• Chief of staff

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Rear-Admiral	Minoru Tayui	1 February 1938
2	Rear-Admiral	Tamon Yamaguchi	15 December 1938
3	Rear-Admiral	Chūichi Hara	15 November 1939
4	Captain Rear-Admiral	Yasuo Yasuba	13 August 1941 15 October 1941 10 March 1942	Commander of the Hong Kong Special Base Force
5	Captain Rear-Admiral	Chōzaemon Obata	1 September 1942 1 November 1942	Commander of the Hong Kong Special Base Force
6	Captain Rear-Admiral	Yuzuru Ōkuma	19 October 1943 1 May 1944	Commander of the Hong Kong Special Base Force

3rd China Expeditionary Fleet

The 3rd China Expeditionary Fleet (第三遣支艦隊, Dai-San Kenshi Kantai) was reorganized from the 4th Fleet on 15 November 1939. The 4th Fleet was reinforcements for 3rd Fleet. Their role was the guard in Bohai Sea. Describe 4th Fleet and 3rd China Expeditionary Fleet in this section. The 3rd China Expeditionary Fleet was specialization to guard unit for Qingdao and become extinct.

• Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Unit name	Lower units, vessels and elements
20 October 1937 (original)	China Area Fleet	4th Fleet	Cruiser Ashigara, 9th Division, 14th Division, 4th Destroyer Squadron, 5th Destroyer Squadron
15 December 1938	China Area Fleet	4th Fleet	12th Division, 1st Combined Special Naval Landing Force
15 November 1939	China Area Fleet	3rd China Expeditionary Fleet (renamed and reorganized)	12th Division, Qingdao Area Special Base Force
10 December 1941	China Area Fleet	3rd China Expeditionary Fleet	Coast defence ship Iwate, 11th Torpedo boat Division, Qingdao Area Special Base Force
10 April 1942	Dissolved and reorganized to Qingdao Area Special Base Force.

Commanders of the 4th Fleet

Commander-in-Chief			Dates		Previous Post	Next Post	Notes
1		Vice-Admiral Toyoda Soemu 豊田副武	20 October 1937	15 November 1938		Commander-in-chief 2nd Fleet
2		Vice-Admiral Hibino Masaharu	15 November 1938	15 November 1939

Commanders of the 3rd China Expeditionary Fleet

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
3	Vice-Admiral	Naokuni Nomura	15 November 1939
4	Vice-Admiral	Mitsumi Shimizu	30 September 1940
5	Vice-Admiral	Rokuzō Sugiyama	5 July 1941
6	Vice-Admiral	Shiro Kawase	16 December 1941

• Chief of staff

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Captain Rear-Admiral	Masami Kobayashi	20 October 1937 1 December 1937
2	Captain Rear-Admiral	Arata Oka	1 September 1938 15 November 1938
3	Rear-Admiral	Takeo Tada	15 November 1939
4	Captain	Shigeji Kaneko	8 August 1940 10 April 1941	Commander of the Qingdao Area Special Base Force
5	Captain	Masaki Ogata	24 May 1941	Commander of the Qingdao Area Special Base Force
6	Captain	Morikazu Ōsugi	20 August 1941 15 January 1942	Commander of the Qingdao Area Special Base Force Commander of the Qingdao Area Special Base Force and Qingdao Guard Unit

Organizations of pre-China Area Fleet

Describe about pre-China Area Fleet in this section. The Southern Qing Fleet, China Expeditionary Fleet, 1st Expeditionary Fleet and 2nd Expeditionary Fleet were ancestor of China Area Fleet.

Southern Qing Fleet

The Southern Qing Fleet (南清艦隊, Nanshin Kantai) was organized after the Russo-Japanese War. They were reinforced by Xinhai Revolution in 1911, however, Beiyang Government declared neutrality in World War I. All gunboats were detained, and Southern Qing Fleet became extinct before long.

• Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Unit name	Lower units, vessels and elements
20 December 1905 (original)	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	Southern Qing Fleet	Cruiser Takachiho, Chitose, Gunboat Uji, Sumida
22 November 1906	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	Southern Qing Fleet	Cruiser Takachiho, Akitsushima, Gunboat Uji, Sumida, Fushimi
24 December 1908	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	3rd Fleet (renamed)	Cruiser Akashi, Otowa, Gunboat Uji, Sumida, Fushimi
1 December 1911	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	3rd Fleet	Cruiser Chiyoda, Niitaka, Suma, Dispatch vessel Mogami, Chihaya, Tatsuta, Gunboat Uji, Sumida, Fushimi, Toba
5 February 1915	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	3rd Fleet	Cruiser Kasuga, Tsushima, Akitsushima
23 December 1915	Dissolved.

• Commander

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Rear-Admiral	Kunikane Taketomi	20 December 1905
2	Rear-Admiral	Chikataka Tamari	22 November 1906
3	Rear-Admiral Vice-Admiral	Izō Teragaki	22 November 1906 1 December 1909
4	Rear-Admiral	Reijirō Kawashima	1 December 1910
5	Rear-Admiral Vice-Admiral	Matahachirō Nawa	20 April 1912 1 December 1912
6	Rear-Admiral	Mitsukane Tsuchiya	25 March 1914
7	Vice-Admiral	Takeshi Takarabe	5 February 1915

• Chief of staff

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Captain	Hisatsune Iida	13 September 1913 1 December 1913	Newly established Commanding officer of the cruiser Kasagi
x	Chief of staff was abolished.		27 May 1914
2	Commander	Yasuhira Yoshikawa	8 August 1914
x	Chief of staff was abolished.		1 December 1914

China Expeditionary Fleet/1st Expeditionary Fleet

The 1st Expeditionary Fleet (第一遣外艦隊, Dai-Ichi Kengai Kantai) was reorganized on 9 August 1919 from China Expeditionary Fleet (遣支艦隊, Kenshi Kantai). Their ancestor was 7th Division (第七戦隊, Dai-Nana Sentai) under World War I. They became 11th Division only for gunboats and became extinct.

• Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Unit name	Lower units, vessels and elements
1 December 1917 (original)	3rd Fleet	7th Division	Cruiser Chitose, Gunboat Uji, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi
10 August 1918	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	China Expeditionary Fleet (renamed)	Cruiser Chitose, Gunboat Saga, Uji, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi
9 August 1919	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	1st Expeditionary Fleet (renamed)	Cruiser Suma, Gunboat Yodo, Saga, Uji, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi, 29th Destroyer Division
1 December 1924	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	1st Expeditionary Fleet	Cruiser Tone, Gunboat Ataka, Saga, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi, Seta, Hira, Hozu
30 November 1929	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	1st Expeditionary Fleet	Cruiser Hirado, Yahagi, Gunboat Ataka, Saga, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Destroyer Urakaze
2 February 1932	3rd Fleet	1st Expeditionary Fleet	Cruiser Hirado, Tsushima, Tenryū, Minelayer Tokiwa, Gunboat Ataka, Uji, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Atami, 24th Destroyer Division, Destroyer Urakaze
20 May 1933	3rd Fleet	11th Division (renamed)	Cruiser Tsushima, Gunboat Ataka, Uji, Toba, Sumida, Fushimi, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Atami, Futami, 24th Destroyer Division, Destroyer Urakaze
15 December 1938	3rd Fleet	11th Division	Gunboat Ataka, Toba, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Atami, Futami, Destroyer Tsuga, Kuri, Hasu, 1st Torpedo Boat Division
15 November 1939	1st China Expeditionary Fleet	11th Division	Gunboat Ataka, Toba, Seta, Hira, Katada, Hozu, Atami, Futami, Fushimi
15 November 1940	Dissolved.

• Commander

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
x		Vacant post	1 December 1917
1	Rear-Admiral	Toyokazu Yamaoka	15 December 1917
2	Rear-Admiral Vice-Admiral	Masujirō Yoshida	8 November 1919 1 December 1920
3	Rear-Admiral	Kenzō Kobayashi	1 May 1922
4	Rear-Admiral	Kichisaburō Nomura	15 September 1923
5	Rear-Admiral	Osami Nagano	20 April 1925
6	Rear-Admiral	Jirō Araki	20 August 1926
7	Rear-Admiral	Wataru Ugawa	1 December 1927
8	Rear-Admiral	Mitsumasa Yonai	10 December 1928
9	Rear-Admiral	Kōichi Shiozawa	1 December 1930
10	Rear-Admiral	Tsuneyoshi Sakano	6 June 1932
11	Rear-Admiral	Teijirō Sugisaka	15 November 1933
12	Rear-Admiral	Masaharu Hibino	2 December 1935
13	Rear-Admiral	Umatarō Tanimoto	1 December 1936
14	Rear-Admiral	Eijirō Kondō	1 December 1937
15	Rear-Admiral	Rokuzō Sugiyama	15 December 1938
16	Vice-Admiral	Umatarō Tanimoto	15 November 1939	Commander in chief of the 1st China Expeditionary Fleet

2nd Expeditionary Fleet

The 2nd Expeditionary Fleet (第二遣外艦隊, Dai-Ni Kengai Kantai) was organized on 16 May 1927 for reinforcements for 1st Expeditionary Fleet. Their role was the guard of Northern China.

• Structure (extract)

Date	Higher unit	Lower units, vessels and elements
16 May 1927 (original)	Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff	Cruiser Hirado, Tsushima, 9th Destroyer Division
2 February 1932	3rd Fleet	Cruiser Kuma, Coast defence ship Yakumo, 13th Destroyer Division, 16th Destroyer Division
20 April 1933	Dissolved.

• Commander

	Rank	Name	Date	Note, additional post
1	Rear-Admiral	Susumu Nakajima	16 May 1927
2	Rear-Admiral	Kin'ichi Mukōda	1 April 1928
3	Rear-Admiral	Kiyohiro Ijichi	10 December 1928
4	Rear-Admiral	Shizue Tsuda	21 May 1930

Bibliography

• Naval Minister's Secretariat/Ministry of the Navy (keep by "Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR)"., National Archives of Japan)
  • Monograph: Year of 1900 - Extract of naval war history of Qing Incident, each volume
  • Fleet boat division organization and warship torpedo boat deployment, each volume
  • Vessels boat service list, each volume
• Senshi Sōsho each volume, Asagumo Simbun (Japan)
• Rekishi Dokuhon, Special issue No. 33 Overview of admirals of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Shin-Jinbutsuōraisha, 1999
• The Japanese Modern Historical Manuscripts Association, Organizations, structures and personnel affairs of the Imperial Japanese Army & Navy, University of Tokyo Press, 1971 ISBN 978-4-13-036009-8
• The Maru Special series each volume, "Ushio Shobō". (Japan)
• Ships of the World series each volume, "Kaijinsha"., (Japan)