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Chitarwata Formation

Neo-Paleogene fossiliferous formation in Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Chitarwata Formation is a geological formation in western Pakistan, made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial fluvial facies. The sediments were deposited in coastal depositional environments (estuarine, strandplain and tidal flats) when Pakistan was partly covered by the Tethys Ocean.

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Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 28 to 17 million years ago, with its base in the Oligocene, and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation, of the Early Miocene.

Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates, the transition from marginal marine to fluvial environments, and the rise of the Himalayas.

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Fossil content

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The Chitarwata Formation has provided a wealth of terrestrial mammal fossils of the late Paleogene and early Neogene, or Tabenbulakian; the last of the Asian land mammal ages (ALMA).

Among many others, the following fossils are reported from the formation:[1]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

Artiodactyl

Anthracothere
More information Anthracotheriidaes of the Chitarwata Formation, Genus ...
Entelodonts
More information Entelodonts of the Chitarwata Formation, Genus ...
Giraffid
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lophiomerycids
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Ruminants
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Creodonts

More information Creodonts of the Chitarwata Formation, Genus ...

Carnivorans

Perissodactyl

Paraceratheriidae
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Rhinocerotidae
More information Rhinocerotidaes of the Chitarwata Formation, Genus ...

Marsupials

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Rodents

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Primates

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Proboscidean

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Reptiles

More information Reptiles of the Chitarwata Formation, Genus ...

Fish

More information Fishes of the Chitarwata Formation, Genus ...
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References

Further reading

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