Cithaeronidae

Cithaeronidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by Simon in 1893^[1] Female Cithaeron are about 5 to 7 millimetres (0.20 to 0.28 in) long, males about 4 millimetres (0.16 in).^[2]

Cithaeronidae
Cithaeron praedonius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Cithaeronidae Simon, 1893
Genera
Cithaeron O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 Inthaeron Platnick, 1991
Diversity
2 genera, 11 species

They are pale yellowish, fast-moving spiders that actively hunt at night and rest during the day, building silken retreats below rocks.^[3] They prefer very hot, dry stony places.^[2]

Distribution

While Inthaeron occurs only in India, members of the genus Cithaeron are found in Africa, India and parts of Eurasia. Three adult females of C. praedonius were found in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. As they were found in and near human housings, they presumably were accidentally introduced.^[3] This is probably also the case for finds in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Another population of C. praedonius has been discovered in Florida U.S.A., with reports of a stable breeding population.(Pers. comm. Joseph Stiles)

Genera and Species

This section lists all described species accepted by the World Spider Catalog as of December 2020^[update]:^[4]

Cithaeron O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872

• C. contentum Jocqué & Russell-Smith, 2011 — South Africa
• C. delimbatus Strand, 1906 — East Africa
• C. dippenaarae Bosmans & Van Keer, 2015 — Morocco
• C. indicus Platnick & Gajbe, 1994 — India
• C. jocqueorum Platnick, 1991 — Ivory Coast
• C. praedonius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (type) — North Africa, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Middle East to India, Malaysia. Introduced to USA, Cuba, Brazil, Australia (Northern Territory)
• C. reimoseri Platnick, 1991 — Eritrea, Brazil (probably introduced)

Inthaeron Platnick, 1991

• I. longipes (Gravely, 1931) — India
• I. rossi Platnick, 1991 (type) — India